Christmas Concert Essays - Unison, Piano, Choir,

Christmas Concert I recently attended a Christmas concert at St. Augustine's Church in Elkdridge. For the most part, the choir blended well together. Sometimes the sopranos could be heard more clearly because their section seemed to be the most powerful. The choir had very clean cutoffs, which made them seem very unified. They communicated the text pretty well. It was easy to sense the mood of the piece from the expression they put into it. However, their dynamics could have been better. They used some dynamics, but the range from piano to forte wasn't as wide as it could have been. Their diction was excellent; they enunciated their consonants and their vowels were pure with very few diphthongs. I think this was partly because their posture was good and because they sang with the perfect mouth shape. All of them stood up straight and sang with a dropped jaw at all times. I could not judge their breath support too well just by looking at them, but I think it was fairly good because of the energy of the pieces they performed. Even when they were singing at a piano volume, their energy showed through and could be heard in the music. Without adequate breath support, this energy would not have been possible. Their breath support also made for a nice legato sound. They staggered their breathing well enough so that I never heard any spots in the music where everyone took a breath at once, except for rests. They were never off key either; their intonation was perfect. The sound was always pure and on pitch, except when they sang in unison. Their unison was still perfectly on pitch, but the sound was less pure because individual voices tended to dominate the group. Overall, I thought this was a spectacular concert. Like the choir here at Wilde Lake, I noticed some weaknesses, but their strengths easily outweighed them.

5 Words Often Mistakenly Used in Place of Others

5 Words Often Mistakenly Used in Place of Others 5 Words Often Mistakenly Used in Place of Others 5 Words Often Mistakenly Used in Place of Others By Mark Nichol When writers, amateurs and professionals alike, employ words or phrases they have heard spoken but not seen written, they often mistakenly use a homophone or near homophone of the intended word. Each of the sentences below includes a word that is often used erroneously. A discussion and revision accompanies each example. 1. Given punk rock’s innate tendency to flaunt convention, the style fits the subject matter in its own roughshod sort of way. Flaunt, a verb meaning â€Å"show off,† is frequently confused for flout, a verb meaning â€Å"show disregard for†: â€Å"Given punk rock’s innate tendency to flout convention, the style fits the subject matter in its own roughshod sort of way.† 2. Others honed in on what they consider the company’s poor customer service and monopolistic tendencies. Hone means â€Å"sharpen† or â€Å"make more effective,† but what is meant here is home, as a verb meaning â€Å"proceed† or â€Å"direct attention toward†: â€Å"Others homed in on what they consider the company’s poor customer service and monopolistic tendencies.† 3. She had been the principle trial attorney for the public defender’s office. Both principle and principal derive from the Latin term princeps, meaning â€Å"prince† (the Latin word is also the origin of prince), but principle serves only as a noun, while principal, which can be a noun that refers to a key or leading person or to an amount of money, is also an adjective meaning â€Å"most important,† as in this sentence: â€Å"She had been the principal trial attorney for the public defender’s office.† 4. They were fulfilling a central tenant of the democracy envisioned by our founders. Though tenant and tenet both stem from the same Latin word, tenere, meaning â€Å"hold,† the former refers to someone who rents or leases property, while the latter, meaning â€Å"principle,† is the correct choice for this sentence: â€Å"They were fulfilling a central tenet of the democracy envisioned by our founders.† 5. Her deep-seeded resentment erupted one day in a spontaneous burst of indignation. â€Å"Deep seeded† seems to make sense in a reference to an emotion that is submerged in someone’s psyche, but there is no such idiom; the correct phrase is â€Å"deep seated†: â€Å"Her deep-seated resentment erupted one day in a spontaneous burst of indignation.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†15 Types of Documents90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Unilever's and Nestle's International Marketing Strategies Article

Unilever's and Nestle's International Marketing Strategies - Article Example These two companies employ different marketing strategies and marketing mix for their products in the international market to elicit desired feedback from their target markets. Unilever has a well-designed logo and a slogan ‘feel good, look good and get more out of life’. Unilever’s mission according to the slogan is to add vim to life. In Bangladesh, Unilever has attained a competitive advantage over the other companies in the market (Ma’arif, 2007). According to Webster (Webster, 1995), Price is a vital component in the marketing strategy of any marketer as it interacts with all the other elements of the marketing mix to establish the effectiveness of each one of them. Nestle does not primarily concentrate on the pricing policies of its competitors but has its own techniques of pricing. They consider the demand of the product and the prevailing economic conditions to determine the purchasing power of the consumers thus all the prices are within the customer’s purchasing power. Nestle has also ensured that all the products that are consumed on daily basis have a minimum price to attract more customers and also offers discounts to its regular customers. Unilever, on the other hand, considers the pricing policies of its competitors and employs a skimming pricing strategy where they introduce their products at a high price and gradually lowers them over time (Ma’arif, 2007). Selection of a right place where the consumer wants to be is crucial for the success of any organization. Capturing the consumer and making it easy for him/her to purchase the product is the main objective of an effective distribution or place strategy (Webster, 1995). Unilever and Nestle ensure that all its products are available at every corner of the world. Nestle has catered for the market of Gujarat effectively by providing its products in every corner.

Linux and Mac File Systems Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Linux and Mac File Systems - Article Example lso highly scalable and support Access Control lists as compared to Ext3fs which support a basic form of ACL or HFS+ which moved NTFS style of ACL recently. Moreover, NTFS is more robust than Ext3fs in that Ext3fs is based on Ext2fs and hence carries some of the problem from the older file system. Also, Ext3fs has an impact on performance due to its journaling features. An inode (index node) is data structure in the file system that stores all the information about a file except its name. The information includes access permissions, the owner of the file, file type and size of the file. The Linux file system (ext3fs) employs this approach for indexing small files. For larger files, Linux allows the use of indirect blocks. The indirect blocks extend the file size that can be stored to slightly more than 4 MB. On the other hand, NTFS has entries in the master file table (MFT) instead of inodes. The MFT contains the information required to retrieve a file from NTFS. The MFT have a unique identifier, i.e., FILE_RECORD_SEGMENT_HEADER which is a file header used to identify a file from other files. HFS+ also does not have inodes, but it emulate its behavior. In Mac OS, the equivalent of the inode in Linux is referred to as indirect node file. The indirect node file is stored in the metadata directory, which exist in the root directory. The indirect node file stores file’s content properties like the owner ID and the group ID. Though, Mac OS is UNIX based, its file system does not implement inode like Linux but a similar indexing is implemented. In contrast, the inode is a file system feature found in UNIX based operating system like Linux but not found in Window Operating system. The MFT, indirect node file, and inode are similar in that they store file’s properties and allow easy retrieval of the files. The NTFS and Mac OS inode structure are more superior to the Linux one, and thus they improve performance and efficiency. Linux adoption both by desktop users and

Trumps Campaign Rhetoric of Racism and Anti-Immigration

Trumps Campaign Rhetoric of Racism and Anti-Immigration Hatred and Fear in Trump’s Campaign Introduction In most of the campaign rallies for Trump’s presidency, he never shied away from making racist comments about the minority groups in the States. He often used racism as a tool to increase his popularity among his supporters. He claimed that he wanted to make America great again by getting rid of those he claimed were illegal immigrants who he considered to be the African-Americans, those of Mexican heritage and the Muslim faithful. Trump claimed that America without these people because they were allegedly involved in crimes such as drug trafficking and gang related violence. Some of his top advisers and cabinet picks have got history and career checkered by claims and accusations of behavior that is racially biased. Most of these people, such as, his senior strategist and counselor, national security advisor have all been accused of racially biased behavior. This is a strategy that Trump used very well and often in his campaign which is probably why he won the election. Some of these instances are discussed below. Racism against Latin Mexicans According to Koulish, Robert.   The Implications of a Lizard Election. (2016),  in May 2016, Donald Trump claimed that the judge who was presiding over a suit that had been staged by a class action against the for-profit Trump University would not be fair in the case because he was of Mexican origin. He used this opportunity to showcase his plans of building a wall between Mexico and America. This is a strategy that gained him a lot of support from people who felt that America needed to be protected from the allegedly drug producing Mexico. This was totally uncalled for given that the judge is an American citizen born in Indiana. In fact, the judge went after Mexican drug cartel in the late 1990s when he was a prosecutor making him to be targeted for assassination by the cartels. A homeless Latino man was beaten up by two brothers in Boston an event that is seen to be as a result of Trump’s anti-immigrant messages. When the brothers were questioned about it, one of them replied that Trump was right for stating that all illegal immigrants must be deported. Trump commented by stating that the two brothers were passionate and that they were well intentioned. He uses this strategy to gain support by promising that deporting illegal immigrants would increase job opportunities to the natives. The problem with the strategy is that it considered all Latinos as illegal immigrants which is not the case. Donald Trump’s campaign was full of racial hatred and ill comments about the minority groups. This in turn led to increase in the number of racial crimes in the states. A Puerto Rican man’s car was vandalized and in the month of November and racial messages scratched on the car which read â€Å"Trump† and â€Å"go home†. This shows that racism was always there in the community only that Trump had gone an extra mile to verbalize it. This strategy gained him votes of those who were racist and of the same thoughts. Trump came up with a statement that characterized Mexican immigrants as criminals and rapists. His explanations in a bid to defend himself are just another page from his book. Trump doesn’t recognize that there is much variety among the minority groups. Instead, he views racial and minority groups as simple monolith entities. Whenever he mentioned these groups, he used the article ‘The’ which personalizes the whole thing. This strategy makes his supporters personalize the matter too leading to rise in racial crimes Islamophobia According to Hochschild, Jennifer L. What Happened on November 8, and What Happens Next? A Tour of Social Scientists Answers. (2016),   in his campaign for the presidency, Trump launched a travel ban that targeted the Muslim community. In so doing, he restricted Syrian refugees and also immigrants from seven countries most of which were Muslim. He did this with the aim of trying to stop the terror attacks that had been earlier on witnessed in the states. This earned him votes of those people who felt that America needed to be safe and free of terrorism which was mainly due to Muslim extremists.   This is totally wrong and racist because the ban targeted all Muslims including those that were born in America. Trump attacked the parents of a Muslim US Army officer who died earlier while serving in the Iraq War. He claimed that the Islamic faith did not allow the mother of the soldier to speak about the matter on grounds that she was a woman. He did this aiming to point out the negativity of Islamic faith and the Muslims all together in a bid to gain himself votes. This was condemned by a lot of people especially politician for being a racial comment. There were also reports of letter sent to at least five mosques in California advocating for genocide. This was done by Trump supporters who were putting into action probably what trump had been advocating. This move is totally wrong since it advocates for racial violence which is a threat to America democracy Anti Blackness According to Monagan, Sharmon L. Swinney.  Fascist Trump How Donald Trumps Rhetoric Is Jeopardizing US National Security. Lulu Press, Inc, 2016,   in his campaign process, Trump refused to condemn his white supporters’ supremacists who were advocating for him. He ignored the opportunity to renounce a white nationalist and a former KKK leader David Duke who had said voting for any other candidate besides Trump would be treason to their heritage. This action shows that he fancied the support and comments of the supremacists and he intended to use that as a strategy to win him votes.   During his campaign period, Trump questioned whether president Obama was really born in America. He often claimed openly that the former president was not a legal president of the US. This claim against the former president was mainly because he was black. He said that the black community was involved in criminal gang activities and that they would be arrested. This claim was totally racially based and it was just a strategy to win him more votes by the whites. Trump also condoned the beating of a black lives matter protestant. He said that maybe the protestant should have been roughed up and that what he was doing was totally illegal. This move brought to him a lot of criticism especially from the media and social media. As much as it brought him negative criticism, it also gained him votes among the white voters and popularity. It is a strategy that he liked to use and most of the times it worked to his advantage. According to Cherkaoui, Mohammed. Donald Trump’s Presidency: New Dawn or Dooms Day?. (2016), Trump’s racial behavior goes way back. When he was the president of his family’s real estate company back in 1973, the company was sued by the justice department for alleged racial discrimination. This was against black people who were looking to rent apartments belonging to the company. As the lawsuit stated, the company charged the black applicants different rents and with conditions from what they charged the white applicants. This shows hatred for the black community which is very evident with Trump. When it came to hi campaigns, he never shied away from his racial comments. Conclusion Owing to these events of racially biased behavior, the quality of Americas democracy is at stake. This behavior has caused a lot of violence based on race. This has sparked a dangerous fire that could bring democracy to its knees if not death. A lot of democracies in the world fail due to violence based on race and religion which have been the key strategies in Trump’s campaign. If this behavior continues as before, the fate of America’s democracy would surely be doomed. References Cherkaoui, Mohammed. Donald Trump’s Presidency: New Dawn or Dooms Day?. (2016). Hochschild, Jennifer L. What Happened on November 8, and What Happens Next? A Tour of Social Scientists Answers. (2016). Koulish, Robert. The Implications of a Lizard Election. (2016). Maher, David J. Introduction to Constitution Day Lectures: Election 2016 and the Structural Constitution.  Md. L. Rev. Endnotes  76 (2016): 1. Monagan, Sharmon L. Swinney.  Fascist Trump How Donald Trumps Rhetoric Is Jeopardizing US National Security. Lulu Press, Inc, 2016.

Cadbury India

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Chocolates had its beginnings in the times of the Mayas and the Aztecs when they beat cocoa into a pulp and made a bitter frothy chocolate out of them. They first became popular in Europe in a highly unrefined form. Then the Hershey Food Company was the first to bring out chocolates in the currently popular solid form. The main ingredient of chocolates is cocoa, grown mainly on the equatorial zones of South America. The other ingredients that go into the making of chocolates are: sugar, milk solids, and permitted emulsifiers. Cocoa constitutes nearly 40% of the total raw material cost.The following report attempts to make a study on the chocolate industry and the position of the chocolate brand, Cadbury. The brand name chosen is the umbrella brand as we feel that the corporate name is recognised as a brand, not so much its individual products. The study will focus on the marketing and advertising strategy employed by Cadbury in the context of the Indian macro enviro nment and industry structure. The advertising strategy will be studied with respect to Cadbury's business and marketing objectives. The strategies adopted will be analyzed for each product offering.The same is followed to a minimal extent for its major competitor, Nestle India Limited, to get an understanding of where Cadbury stands. The report initially focuses on an examination of the industry environment and the product class. The report then goes on to analyse the corporate, marketing and advertising strategies adopted by the selected company and its main competitor. It concludes by looking at the future challenges and recommendations for the industry and the company. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY1 1. Research details(Type of research, Sample size, Sample design, DataCollection)8 2. Limitations of the project8 3. Market Segmentation9 4. Psychographics ; Demographics 12 Chapter 2 COMPANY PROFILE13 Chapter 3 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS 14 Chapter 4 PRODUC T PORTFOLIO 15 Chapter 5 STRATEGIC BRAND ANALYSIS 16 Chapter 6 ORGANISATION ANALYSIS 17 Chapter 7 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 19 7. 1 Nestle (Strengths and Weaknesses)19 7. 2 Amul (Strengths and Weaknesses)21 7. 3 Cadbury (Strategy and Future Plans) 22 Chapter 8 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 24 8. 1 Need gap analysis vis-a-vis competitors24Chapter 9 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS29 9. 1 The Chocolate Industry in India 29 Chapter 10 BRAND IDENTITY 30 Chapter 11 BRAND PRISM 31 Chapter 12 BRAND POSITIONING 33 Chapter 13 BRAND IMAGE 36 Chapter 14 BRAND PERSONALITY 37 Chapter 15 PORTERS FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK 40 Chapter 16 FUTURE CHALLENGES42 Chapter 17 RECOMMENDATIONS TO GEAR UP FUTURE CHALLENGES 43 Annexure Appendix A: Porter’s 5 Forces Model44 Appendix B: Positioning with respect to the price segments45 Bibliography46 Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. 1 Research DetailsType of Research: Exploratory and Descriptive. Sample Units: Two of the Number One brands in India namely Cadburys and Nestle, respectively, were chosen on the basis of their market shares. These two industries were chosen on the basis of the usage of the products, as the usage of FMCG’s is high and noticeable. Sample Design: Non-probability sampling was resorted to and the methods used is Convenience sampling and Judgment sampling. Samples size: The total sample size is 32, which includes consumers of all the two brands, retailers of Cadburys and Nestle. Data Collection: Data was collected both from secondary sources as well as rimary data was also collected. A structured questionnaire method was used to collect primary data. Secondary data was soured from various published sources which include magazine like A;M, Business India and Business world. Newspaper like Brand Equality, Brand wagon and The Times of India were also used. Annual Report of Cadburys and Nestle were also referred. Data was analyzed manually and with the help of computer software EXCEL, to make graphs and pie charts. 1. 2 Limitations of the project: 1. For generalization of the results a study needs to be undertaken based in a larger sample across different industries. . Since the study is confined to Mumbai only, the findings cannot be applied to other parts of the country. 1. 3 Market Segmentation This can be done in two ways: product forms and customer based. With Respect To Product Forms There are four major segments in the Indian Chocolate Industry: Moulded Chocolate Segment This segment constitutes 50% of the total market. Cadbury’s Dairy Milk (CDM) – Cadbury’s flagship brand – has 50% of this segment market. To position CDM in this segment Cadbury used the traditional demographic variables of age, socio-economic groups and usage intensity.CDM was positioned as a product that elders (parents) bought for children. Cadbury has actually associated itself to enduring and emotional values of love, sharing, parental affection, and reward. Considering that CDM practica lly acts as a trend setter for all the brands in this segment, this limited the positioning of the entire category towards children only. Amul attempted to expand the category by bringing in teenagers, but it was not successful. The Cadbury brands in this segment are CDM, Fruit ; Nut, Crackle, Bournville.CDM is basically the leading brand here, and the others act as an endorser basket for the company. Nestle forms 25% of this segment and the company’s major brands are Nestle Classic, Nestle Milk Chocolate and Nestle Crunch. From around 1993, this segment began showing signs of maturity. This was hurting CDM. This led to Cadbury attempting to rejuvenate the segment. They changed their core customer from children to that of the universe: both children and adults. This attempt at redefining the market to enticing all age groups helped bring about changes in the segment.Today, the notion associated with the consumption of chocolates is that of casualness instead of just product c onsumption. Today, this segment grows at 40% per annum, and is likely to remain an important segment for further growth. Countline Bars Segment This segment forms 33% of the chocolates market. This segment is mostly targeted at teenagers. Major Cadbury brands are 5-Star, Break, Real, Krisp, and Double Decker. 5-Star is doing well here (about 50% of the segment) while the rest of the brands act as endorser brands. Nestle has a minor presence in this category with its product Bar-One.Growth of a Sub Segment: Chocolate Wafers Chocolate wafers are the new products being offered by chocolate companies today in order to expand the market. In 1995, Cadbury and Nestle launched Perk and KitKat respectively. These were wafer–enrobed chocolates in a new context and a different benefit offering. Both chocolates had a snack positioning. Perk offered the anytime anywhere snack proposition – ‘Thodi si Pet Puja’, whereas KitKat tried to promote snacking through ‘Hav e a break, Have a KitKat. The growth rate of this segment is 15-20% annually, and is estimated to be worth over Rs. 00 crores, making it a very lucrative segment. Internationally, confectionery products like wafer chocolates have a very high tonnage and have a much bigger future than plain chocolates. Market research and success of these two brands suggest that Indian consumers are ready for accepting the wafer chocolate proposition. The conviction of both Cadbury and Nestle towards this segment can be gauged from the fact that both brands are seeing unprecedented allocation of funds, to the tune of 60% to 70% of the total advertisement budget of both companies on chocolates. Choco Panned SegmentsThis segment forms 4% of the total market and Cadbury has 100% of the market in this segment. The major brands are Nutties, Caramels, Butterscotch and Tiffins. All of these brands have been used by Cadbury to drive variety, induce gifting practices and serve to some specific taste preferenc es. Cadbury does not advertise these brands. They have been used as flanker products. The opportunity for growth in this segment is high what with the imminent entry of multinationals like Mars and Hershey’s. This is also likely to pose a threat to Cadbury, what with its complacency. Sugar Panned SegmentThis segment form 15% of the total market and Cadbury has about 98% of this segment, its major brands being Gems and Eclairs. Eclairs has been used strategically to foster chocolate consumption among children as well as adults by offering a tiny ‘guilt free, eat no more than a biteful’ at a convenient price point. (65% of Eclairs eaters are from the households earning less than Rs. 4000/- per month. ) Gems is still Cadbury’s primary tool to protect its franchise in the child segment. It was previously associated in its commercials with the international spy character, James Bond.Around 1995, Gems was repositioned to broad base its appeal from 3-6 years olds to teenagers as well. However this failed due to the product form which has become deeply rooted with kids and hence the company has reverted back to the target segment of kids with a new offering of ‘Chocogems'. With Respect To The Consumer Buying Power These are: 1. High income customers (price greater than Rs. 25 for 40 gm. ) who will go in for premium chocolate brands. 2. Middle income customers (price between Rs. 10 – 25) who are price sensitive. 3. Children, who are mostly price driven and will consume more of toffees in the price range of Rs. . 50 – 1. 1. 4 Psychographics And Demographics This is attempted in terms of the consumers. 1. High income customers – it is estimated the age group buying the chocolates will be 22 onwards. The income level is estimated to be Rs. 8000 per month. The customers are mostly urban, and are mostly professionals (engineers, doctors, executives, etc. ) The psychographic profile: They can either be individuals indulgi ng themselves, or they could be indulging their children. They are inner directed people who form their own values and norms and believe in not adhering blindly to social norms. They re somewhat occasion driven in their buying behaviour. 2. Middle income customers – it is estimated that the age group in this segment will be 15 plus. The income level is estimated to be around Rs. 5000 per month. The consumers can be urban, semi urban, and is currently spreading to rural areas. The psychographic profile: they are likely to be variety seeking in their behaviour. They are self expressing by nature and inner directed to an extent. They like to indulge themselves. Children – the upper age limit is estimated to be 12 years. They mostly purchase their chocolates with their pocket money.The consumers can be urban, semi urban, and rural, though their is a somewhat greater emphasis on urban. The psychographic profile: they are novelty seeking in behaviour. They are also fun lovin g. CHAPTER-2 COMPANY PROFILE Cadbury India Limited Cadbury India limited was set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of the UK-based Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Limited in July 1948. They started off by setting up production facilities at Thane to manufacture chocolates, malted foods, cocoa powder and drinking chocolate using the technical know how of the parent company.The company has manufacturing facilities at Malanpur and Induri. During 1997, the company invested Rs. 80 crores in the two factories. At Malanpur, the capacity of Eclairs (one of the Cadbury range of products) production was increased, a new wafer line was installed, and the chocolate making capacity was increased. This increase is from 7000 to 17000 tonnes. At Induri, a new moulded line was installed to manufacture center filled moulded in orange and coffee Truffle. Cadbury is the market leader in the Indian chocolate market with a share of 70% and sales of around 12000 tons.It has successfully differentiated its produc t over the years by strategic brand building. The company had realised that chocolates by itself do not satisfy any immediate needs (soft drinks would satisfy thirst, ice cream would provide relief from heat), so they would have to be associated with human feelings of romance, magic, love and affection. So it had at one point of time employed emotional attachment as basis of differentiation. This has lately been modified to including the rational perspective so as to catalyze increased consumption of chocolates within the family.KEY BUSINESS OBJECTIVE: – â€Å"to continuously provide products that are value for money†. CHAPTER-3 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS (KSF) On analysing the market, the phenomenal success of the company can be attributed to: The pioneer advantage (first mover advantage) – The company was the first to enter the Indian market, as early as 1956. For a long time, it was practically the only dominant player in the market. It, therefore, enjoyed a large s hare of both customer’s heart and mind. So much so that for an entire generation, chocolate was synonymous with Cadbury. It is only recently that the company has started facing some threat from Nestle.A strong endorser brand – Cadbury realised early that volumes would not be enough to support all its brands with heavy advertisements. Hence what they were to take CDM as the flagship brand and advertised it heavily to popularise the brand name to help the flanker brands around CDM. But in the last two years the company has spent extensively on the chocolate wafer segment (without treating it as a flanker brand of CDM), seeing as how the segment has been growing phenomenally. Right product formulation – the climatic conditions and the Indian taste are very different from the western markets where the company first started its operations.Cadbury was able to successfully reformulate its product as per the Indian conditions, while entrants like Nestle could not do so. Presence in all segments – Cadbury has a presence in the entire range, starting from low priced hard boiled sweets and sugar confectionery to the premium range of chocolates. The company also claims success in all these segments it has been entering recently. CHAPTER-4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO The following is the list of the major brands of the company: Cadbury’s Dairy Milk Cadbury’s Gems Cadbury’s Nutties Cadbury’s Crackle Cadbury’s 5 Star Cadbury’s Mr.Pops Cadbury’s Eclairs Cadbury's Truffle Cadbury's Gold Cadbury's Bournville Cadbury's Tiffins Cadbury's Butterscotch CHAPTER-5 STRATEGIC BRAND ANALYSIS OF CADBURY CHAPTER-6 ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS It was in 1824 that John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham in the UK. Originally selling tea and it was, however, the marginal lines of cocoa and chocolate that in just a few years took over as the mainstay of the business. The Cadbury Brothers first made milk chocolate in 1897, but by tod ay's standards was a very coarse dry product made by blending milk powder with cocoa and sugar.The Swiss who produced a superior product by using condensed milk then dominated the milk chocolate market. In the early 1900s George Cadbury was determined to meet this challenge and, together with the experts from the Bournville factory, started to research new recipes and production methods. By June 1904 the recipe was perfected and a delicious new milk chocolate made with full cream milk, and containing far more milk than any previously known product, was ready to go into production. Although considerable technological advances have since been made in the production processes, the recipe is still basically the same as it was in 1904.In 1905 the chocolate was launched under the name Cadbury  Dairy  Milk. Cadbury India limited was set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of the UK-based Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Limited in July 1948. BRAND CHARTER VISION:- â€Å"Cadbury in every pocketà ¢â‚¬  and â€Å"Superior Shareholder Value† PURPOSE:-â€Å"Working together to create brands people love†. VALUES:- Cadbury is an international company, proud of their long heritage, respectful of the social and natural environment in which they operate, supportive of their consumers, customers and colleagues and passionate about success.Cadbury believes in making, marketing and selling unique brands which give or bring  pleasure to millions of consumers around the world every day. Cadbury is committed to the highest standards of corporate governance and corporate and social responsibility. BRAND TEXTURE:- Chocolate-The very word makes your mouth water. Chocolate is not just a food it’s a state of mind. Throughout history, chocolate has been associated with romance and sharing, and today the richness and smoothness of Cadbury chocolate is what makes it one of the world's favorite treats.Cadbury is a world-renowned name with more than 150 years of chocolate he ritage. Available in over 160 countries, Cadbury is the single largest brand in chocolate on an international basis. The Cadbury name can be seen in all chocolate related categories including confectionery, ice cream, cakes, biscuits, chilled desserts and chocolate based drinks. Synonymous with the very word chocolate, Cadbury has a unique relationship with the consumer. This relationship is underpinned by the powerful visual icons of the Cadbury brands – the Cadbury signature, the colour purple, the ‘glass and a half' trademark, and the chocolate itself.These all come together to form the brand identity-the Cadbury Master Brand. Cadbury had realized that chocolates by itself do not satisfy any immediate needs (soft drinks would satisfy thirst, ice cream would provide relief from heat), so they would have to be associated with human feelings of romance, magic, love and affection. So it had at one point of time employed emotional attachment as basis of differentiation. T his has lately been modified to including the rational perspective so as to catalyze increased consumption of chocolates within the family. CHAPTER-7 COMPETITOR ANALYSISIndian Chocolate market having a turnover of Rs. 350 crore (20,000 tonnes) has three major market players CIL dominating the market by capturing 70% of the market share, followed by Nestle having 20% of market share, Amul having a niche market of 7% and remaining 3% with small players. 7. 1 Nestle India Limited: Nestle is a strong player in chocolates world wide but it entered the Indian market much later (in 1991) than one of its global competitor Cadbury. . Nestle ended 1997with a 41% increase in their net profit with Rs. 74. 3 crores. The net sales of the company amounted to Rs. 425 crores, which is an 18% increase over last year. Out of this, chocolates had a 31% increase in the sales turnover. Nestle’s initial foray into the Indian market was not very successful. The problem was in the formulation of the product. They were soft chocolates with high fat content which were unsuitable to the Indian climate. Also, the distribution focus had been on the larger cities and urban areas, which limited their customer base. It was with the launch of KitKat that the company’s strategy changed with respect to both product and distribution.It increased its distribution network to cover small towns and interiors as well, so as to increase their customer base. It also modified the formulation of the moulded chocolates to suit the Indian conditions. The company used three layers of foil packaging so that KitKat could survive the summer heat. The product was targeted at the casual consumers of chocolates – primarily adults through a clear proposition of fulfilling a snacking need which basically took advantage of the fact that the existing chocolates in the market were too heavy to be had as a light snack.The company sees a huge potential in the wafer covered with milk chocolate, not on ly in the chocolate market but also in the premium biscuit market. The company is trying to expand the market in this direction by portraying it as a product taken during the breaks. The distribution and packaging are in harmony with the broad marketing plans of the company. Nestle followed a strategy of distributing its chocolates in ice-lined Sintex tanks to protect them. KitKat currently has the maximum reach in terms of the number of outlets it accesses.This has helped the company to increase the consumer base and to sell the new concept. KitKat packaging synergies with the total brand appeal. It has been packaged to keep the product fresh, crisp and protected from the harsh climactic conditions in the country. Special packaging is also integral to KitKat break ritual, which plays a part in the brand mystique. Nestle owes much of the success of its Eclair to the price point at which it was kept. Nestle Eclair has a filling of white chocolate. This makes it relatively less expose d to the perils of high excise duties faced by other Eclairs.The white chocolate filling also -makes it different in the taste and therefore Cadbury Eclairs for a long time neglected it as its competitor. Taking advantage of the exemption from excise hike, Nestle has priced its Eclair appropriately in a price sensitive market. Taking this price advantage, it has been able to corner 7. 5% of the market for chocolates as a whole and 27% of the market for eclairs. Milky Bar is a white chocolate from Nestle and is targeted primarily at children. The sugary taste of the white chocolate appeals to the children.It is positioned as a source of energy and nutrition (Ad Line – Milkybar, give me the power). The positioning is used to influence the decision-making unit for the consumers in this segment i. e. their –parents. The health and nutrition oriented proposition is used to counter the negative perception of the parents that chocolates are bad for the teeth and unhealthy. Ne stle have also entered the sugar confectionery market, in direct competition with Cadbury by offering Allen's Splash, and Allen's Koffees, and Allen's Butterscotch.With eroding margins and increasing competition, Nestle has also started to look at exports to boost its turnover. Strengths: †¢ Market leader in coffee and baby food sector †¢ Well-established distribution network extending to rural areas. †¢ Strong brands in the FMCG sector. †¢ Low cost operations †¢ Large product portfolio. Weaknesses: †¢ Low presence in health drinks: – In comparison to Bournvita, Horlicks and Boost the market penetration of MILO is very low. †¢ Low Market Share in chocolates as compared to Cadbury’s. †¢ Didn’t get the first movers advantage. Initially the distribution focus had been on the larger cities and urban areas, which limited their customer base. 7. 2 Amul (Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Limited):- Amul is the third p layer in the chocolate market in India. This brand does not have any international lineage and is miniscule in terms of market share in chocolates, as compared to the other two players Cadbury and Nestle. Amul had an extremely focused positioning of ‘A gift for someone you Love’, albeit not targeted at a single age group. Strengths: †¢ Strong and extensive distribution and sales network. Large market penetration in dairy industry †¢ Age old market presence carries a traditional image. †¢ Quality and purity and trust as consumer relationship. †¢ Value for money and low price. Weaknesses: †¢ No focus on the chocolate industry. †¢ Lack of organizational commitment. †¢ Amul chocolates have shown a very limited product differentiation. †¢ Low retailers margin. 7. 3 CADBURY: Cadbury’s strategy is to create robust and sustainable regional positions in its two core markets, confectionery and beverages, through organic growth, acqui sitions and disposals.It has exited markets where its believed it did not have or could not build, sustainable business models. It has strengthened existing positions and extended its presence in higher margin, faster growing product categories or geographies within its core markets. The company follows a multi branding strategy i. e. having more than one brand cater to a particular segment that may even lead to the cannibalization of sales of one brand. The game plan for the company is to increase the consumption of chocolate and confectionery among adults by offering products in convenient packs at affordable price. FUTURE PLAN:-To develop the future we need a clear understanding of the future. Cadbury’s has these goals for the years ahead:- †¢ Deliver superior shareowner returns on the back of superior business performance †¢ Profitably and significantly increase its share of the global confectionery market †¢ Profitably secure and then grow its share of the regional beverages markets in which the company has chosen to participate †¢ To reinforce its reputation as a Company which motivates, develops and rewards employees for superior performance and make a difference in the communities in which it does business. To develop brands with mass franchise and widen out its distribution network further into the rural sector †¢ Keeping with the awareness that new product development provides the key to growth in this market †¢ Launch one new product every year and extend its sugar confectionery range â€Å"The future strategy of the company is to maintain its dominance. † CHAPTER-8 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 8. 1 NEED GAP ANALYSIS VIS-A-VIS COMPETITORS: 1. Based on Retail Price: [pic] 2. Based on Packaging: [pic] 3. Based On Brand Name: [pic] 4. Based on CustomersHigh income customers – it is estimated the age group buying the chocolates will be 22 onwards. The income level is estimated to be Rs. 8000 per month. The custome rs are mostly urban, and are mostly professionals (engineers, doctors, executives, etc. ) Middle income customers – it is estimated that the age group in this segment will be 15 plus. The income level is estimated to be around Rs. 5000 per month. The consumers can be urban, semi urban, and is currently spreading to rural areas. Children – the upper age limit is estimated to be 12 years. They mostly purchase their chocolates with their pocket money.The consumers can be urban, semi urban, and rural, though there is a somewhat greater emphasis on urban. The psychographic profile: they are novelty seeking in behaviour. They are also fun loving. Consumer Buying Behaviour:- The product category comes under Fast Moving Consumer Foods (FMCG) and the product is generally purchased as a convenience good. The general characteristics of this product are: It is a low involvement product, but there are significant differences in various brands in market. The following matrix may hel p in studying the behavior of consumer for this particular product category.High InvolvementLow involvement Significant differences Complex buying behavior Variety seeking behaviour Between brands * chocolates Few differencesDissonance reducingHabitual buying Between brandsbuying behaviorbehaviour In this category, consumers are often found to do a lot of brand switching. Although the consumer expects some benefits from chocolates, but he chooses a brand without much evaluation, and evaluate it during consumption only. But next time, quite often he may reach for another brand out of boredom or a wish for a different taste.Brand switching occurs for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction. Since Cadbury has 70 % of market share, this variety-seeking behavior had not affected its sales negatively. This had been possible due to various factors like lack of strong competition. However, with the new entrants in the market, there has been stiff competition. There are few segments like wafer chocolates segment where company faces strong competition from Nestle, the second major player in the market. In these segments company should try to increase brand loyalty for its brands.This increased consumer loyalty will also act as deterrent towards development of strong competitors in other segments. Further to increase the overall size of market, company should try to increase consumer’s involvement with chocolates. The company has its products focused around three basic propositions:- ( Drives attitudes and behaviour: This is led by the company's flagship brand Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM). CDM is currently positioned on the emotional plank of spontaneity and self-expression and is targeted mainly on the adult consumer. Drives Snacking Consumption: It has two main brands in this category – 5 Star & Perk. However both the brands are positioned in a slightly different manner. Perk is positioned as a any time snack anywhere, whereas 5 star is positioned as a Energy Bar. †¢ Drives variety, gifting and taste preference: The two brands in this category are Gems and Eclairs. However, there is a lot of difference between these two brands. While Gems is targeted primarily at children, Eclairs is a chocolate simulator, which simulated the taste and the feel of the chocolate but has to popped in the mouth like a toffee |Drives attitude and |Drives snacking and consumption |Drives variety, gifting and taste | | |behaviour | |preference | |Endorsers |Dairy Milk |5-Star |Gems | | | |Perk |Dairy Milk Eclairs | |Flankers |Bournville |Break |Butterscotch | | |Crackle | |Caramels | | |Nut Milk | |Nutties | | |Fruit & Nut | |Tiffins | | |Creamy Bar | | | | |Roast Almond | | | |Prodigals | | |Overtures (now withdrawn) | | | | |All Silk | Besides these endorsing brands, Cadbury traditionally has maintained a whole battery of flank and satellites in its brand portfolio.It has always focused on preempting any moves by a competitor by launching a bra nd of its own. The threat of Nestle's entry led to the launch of tactical brands like All Silk, Crackle and Break. Therefore, in the Cadbury's brand system, the flanker brands are used for the tactical purpose of plugging a gap in the segment where the threat of entry by a rival brand was imminent. Cadbury has also entered the sugar confectionery range of Googly and Mocka with the intention of expanding its range further. However, Nestle's successful entry through KitKat in the wafer segment proved that unless you support your flank brands actively, they are not going to be of any use in blocking competition.And hence Cadbury is showing some active interest in the area. CHAPTER-9 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 9. 1 The Chocolate Industry in India The chocolate industry in India has a size of 20000 tonnes and is worth about Rs. 400 crores. The chocolate market has been growing by nearly 35%; however there has been some slowdown in the last two years. The chocolate market is predominan tly urban with coverage of 95%. The sales volume have decreased by 5% in the last year and the chocolate market had declined with the average consumption coming down by 25% from 16000 tonnes to the current level of 12000 in the first quarter of 1997, largely due to the steep hike in excise duties. However, this trend has seen kind of a reversal in the latter half of 1997. Cadbury India limited was set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of the UK-based Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Limited. The parent company is the fourth largest in the world chocolate market, after Mars, Nestle, and Philip Morris. They set up operations here as far back as 1948, and will thus be completing 50 years of its existence here. Cadbury’s milk chocolate was first introduced in the Indian market in 1956. It made an immediate impact, quickly becoming the market leader – a success story, even to this day. The Major Players The major national players in the chocolate market in India are: Cadbury India LimitedNestle India Limited Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Limited (Amul) Two giants – Cadbury and Nestle, dominate the combined chocolate and eclair market. Together they have a 90% share of the entire market. Amul holds a 5% share, and is present only in the moulded chocolate segment of the market CHAPTER-10 BRAND IDENTITY Definition: Brand identity is a unique set of brand associations that the brand strategist aspires to create or maintain. These associations represent what the brand stands for and imply a promise to customers from the organization members. Brand Identity Structure of Cadbury CHAPTER-11 BRAND PRISM Picture of sender (company)Taste, wholesome Friendly, Indulgent Physique Personality Liberation,Relationship Culture Individualism, Self Indulgence Casual, Independent Reflection Self Image Free child Picture of recipient (Customer) BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CADBURY BRAND †¢ Functional Benefit: Taste and contented †¢ Emotional Benefit: Happ iness †¢ Self-Expressive Benefit: Being yourself. liberation CHAPTER-12 BRAND POSITIONING Cadbury is the perfect expression of spontaneous, happy, joyous feelings. Eating Cadbury provides the  Ã‚   ‘Real Taste of Life’ experience. [pic] Positioning is the space occupied by Cadbury in the minds of the consumer.For the chocolate market, Cadbury is pitted against competitors like Nestle, Amul and substitutes like, chips, biscuits and other light snacks. Idea of positioning Cadbury is to occupy a distinct space, which is differentiable, yet powerful. The positioning of Cadbury in India is as follows: †¢ Thodi si pet puja kabhi bhi kahi bhi† †¢ Kya swad hai zindagi main †¢ Khane ka bahana chahiye Cadbury is the perfect expression of spontaneous, happy, joyous feelings. Eating CDM provides the ‘Real Taste of Life’ experience Basis of positioning Cadbury India believes in the following when it comes to positioning: †¢ Product based positioning †¢ Strong corporate brand. Product based positioning Quality/Value |Associations with Use Occasion | | | | |Kya swad hai zindagi main. |Thodi si pet puja kabhi bhi kahi bhi. | |The quality aspect is hugely emphasized in Cadbury. Even the |Cadbury can be consumed anytime as has been expressed in its | |physique, particularly the visuals(glass and a half symbol) |advertisement continuously. | STRONG CORPORATE BRAND Consumers know they can trust a chocolate bar that carries Cadbury branding. The relationship between Cadbury and individual brands is symbiotic with some brands benefiting more from the Cadbury relationship, i. e. ure chocolate brands such as Dairy Milk. Other brands have a more distant relationship, as the consumer motivation to purchase is ingredients other than chocolate, e. g. Crunchie. Thus the positioning of the umbrella brand Cadbury is such that it signifies trust to a great extent because of which the brand has a massive fan following. CHAPTER-13 BRAND IMAGE â€Å"Taste of life†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Be your self, care â€Å"free Brand image is what is perceived by the customers across the target segment. Its target segment can be divided into following segments: †¢ Kids †¢ Teenagers †¢ Mature adults Use based segmentation: Festivals such as Holi, Diwali. Occasions such as Valentines Day, birthdaysFor kids means enjoying the taste of chocolate and life. For adults the values are self expression. CHAPTER-14 BRAND PERSONALITY Many of the world's most powerful brands spend a great deal of time putting personality into their brands. It is the personality of a brand that can appeal to the four functions of a person's mind. For example, people make judgments about products and companies in personality terms. They might say, â€Å"I don't think that company is very friendly†, â€Å"I feel uneasy when I go into that branch†, â€Å"I just know that salesmen is not telling the truth about that product† or â€Å"That offer doesn't smell right to me†. Their minds work in a personality driven way.Given that this is true, then how can a company create a personality for its product or for itself? The answer lies in the choice and application of personality values and characteristics. A product's brand personality is a description of its characteristics in relation to the target market for the product. It assists marketers to develop suitable advertising and promotional campaigns for the product. The following diagram shows the Brand Personality of Cadbury. [pic] Cadbury’s different brands have different Brand Personalities. Some of them are discussed below: †¢ Cadbury’s Dairy Milk – The Rebel Leader Brand Personality of youthful exuberance and rebelliousness †¢ 5 Star – The champion companionMale personality and reliability †¢ Perk – The girl next door Brand personality of a warm, perky, naughty accessible, Indian girl next door â⠂¬ ¢ Milk Treat – Children’s Superhero For kids and School going children CHAPTER-15 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK [pic] MAKING OF THE BRAND CADBURY IN INDIA When Cadbury entered Indian market it knew that that India is a tough nut to crack with its vast and diverse geographical and cultural diversifications. Major challenges for Cadbury India was to get people accustomed to chocolates- primarily seen as a western taste and do so by reaching out to the masses in a land where mindsets and preferences are as diverse as the country itself.It decided to use a common platform that is universal to all cultures –‘The platform of love and affection’. It used emotional appeals to position its brand as a surrogate to parental affection for their children. The positioning clicked for Cadbury but the brand audit done a few years later revealed that it had restricted its market to the kids. To grow it had to target the elders also. So what was the next B ig Idea? The marketers decided to position the product ‘for the kid in all of us’. The communication for the new positioning was ‘The Real Taste of Life’. It portrayed itself as a perfect expression of spontaneous happy, joyous feelings.Cadbury conducts regular audits and tries to reinvent its strategies according to the findings of the audits. CHAPTER-16 FUTURE CHALLENGES Cadbury was recently plagued with allegations of supplying Worm infected chocolates. It received huge negative publicity and needs to avoid such fatal mistakes. The root cause for the above problem lies in the Distribution. Chocolates are a perishable product and therefore needs to be supplied to a retail outlet as fast as possible. At the same time retailers should be compensated for any stock that has expired without any hassles. The products also need to be transported in a refrigerated environment as they melt in room temperature. This Therefore needs to clearly redefine its distribut ion strategies.As Indian markets become more receptive to globalization there are chances of more and more MNCs entering the Indian market. Cadbury needs to maintain its brand equity through regular innovative advertisements and promotions. There is a growing threat from local substitutes. The Sweet shops are reinventing themselves and coming up with their own versions of chocolates. These find favor with the local tastes and are available in many varieties. Both MNC and Local Bakery brands are expanding their operations. Theses bakeries are manufacturing various verities of chocolates locally with local blends. They do not have to invest in extensive distribution and have as good quality as Cadbury. Their USP is providing fresh chocolates.Cadbury has to reinvent its strategies to face such future challenges. CHAPTER-17 RECOMMENDATIONS TO GEAR UP FOR FUTURE CHALLENGES †¢ Cadbury’s major problems are linked to the need for very responsive distribution network due to the p erishable nature of its products. Costs go up and problems like the recent worm episode arise. What we suggest is a revamping of its distribution network to make it more responsive. †¢ Indian consumers mainly consume sweets during some festivals. It must come up with innovative offerings for its chocolates to suit the need during such occasions. e. g. : Come up with shapes similar to Indian Sweets and package it innovatively reflecting the festival colors. Start exploring newer distribution channels like E-tailing where Hi-value chocolates are sold in specialized packs. [pic] Appendix B Positioning with respect to the price segments | Positioning |Drives attitude and behaviour |Drives snacking and consumption |Drives variety, gifting and taste | |Price | | |preferences | |High | |KitKat |Cadbury’s Fruit & Nut | |(above Rs. 25 for 40 | | |Cadbury’s Roast Almond | |gms. | | |Cadbury’s Bournville | | | | |Cadbury’s Nut Milk | | | | |Tango Almond | |Medi um |Cadbury’s Crackle |Cadbury’s Perk |Tango Fruit & Nut | |(Rs. 10-25 for 40 |Cadbury’s Dairy Milk | |Cadbury’s Creamy Bar | |gms. | | |Tango Cashew | | | | |Tango Crispy | | | | |Amul Fruit & Nut | | | | |Nestle Crunch | |Low |Nestle Premium Milk |Nestle Milkybar |Amul Milk Chocolate | |(below Rs. 10 for 40 |Nestle Classic |Kandos |Amul Bitter | |gms. |Tango Milk |Chuckles |Amul Orange | | | |Nestle Bar One |Amul Crisp | | | |Cadbury’s Break |Cadbury’s Relish | | | |Cadbury’s Five Star |Nestle Rich Dark | | | | |Mystique | BIBLIOGRAPHY Kapferer, Jean-Noel. â€Å"Strategic Brand Management†. The Free Press. A division of Macmillan, Inc. 1992 Edition Kotler, Philip. â€Å"Marketing Management† Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control Prentice-Hall, Inc. Eighth Edition Aaker, David, et al, â€Å"Advertising Management† Prentice-Hall, Inc. Fourth Edition Business Line ‘Catalyst' – Thu. Feb 19,199 8. Financial express ‘Brand Wagon' – Fri, Oct. 27, 1995 Internet Sources: †¢ www. business-standard. com †¢ www. financialexpress. com †¢ www. conomictimes. com †¢ www. hinduonline. com †¢ www. indiaserver. com †¢ www. expressindia. com †¢ www. indiainformer. com †¢ www. cadbury. co. uk †¢ www. india-today. com/btoday Back issues of A&Ms ———————– CADBURY Competitor Analysis ? Strength & Weakness ? Strategies ? Future Plan forecast Organization Analysis ? Vision, values and culture ~ brand texture ? Resource utilization Ext. Environment Analysis ? Policies & Govt. regulations (PEST) ? Technological ? Political Customers Analysis ? Need gap analysis ? Consumer behaviour Uti l ity Retail price C N A Utility Pkg. design A N C Utility A N C Brand name Joyful, lighthearted, CarefreeDairy Milk, Perk, Fruit and Nut, Crackle, Kit kat â€Å"The real taste of life† Stars: Ba chan, Zinta, Cyrus Real Taste of Life Brand Essence: spontaneous, happy, joyous feelings. Across the age Half full glass of milk pouring into chocolate and forming the C of Cadbury Cadbury Relationship Customer Cadbury For whom: Kids, teens, mums, adults, mature adults. (FOR EVERYBODY) Why? Offers rich taste Kya swad hai zindagi main Against whom: Competitors like, Nestle, Amul Substitutes like, Chips, Biscuits. When: All purpose consumable. Gifts, Light snack Receiver â€Å"current perception† Sender â€Å"Goal† Cadbury’s Brand Personality Reliable Down-to-Earth Fun-Loving Indulgent Confident FriendlyCadbury’s Brand Personality Indian sweets having chocolate flavor Many MNC’s planning to enter India. Also there threats from existing players in confectionary industry wanting to enter choclates. Vertical Integration could increase bargaining power of suppliers. Indian consumers are price sensitive and may easily switch. High rivalry but Cadbury enjo ys a good brand recall. Substitutes Substitutes like IceCreams, potato chips, biscuits, soft drinks, chewing gum, are a source of threat as well as opportunity for market expansion. Suppliers Major raw material Suppliers are cocoa producers in Latin American countries. Due to negligible Domestic production inIndia, suppliers enjoy high bargaining power. Milk supply also fluctuates, therefore, in summer months, milk suppliers gain sufficient bargaining power. Competitors Duopoly Both the major players have Financial muscle to sustain their Brands All players following a pull strategy. Buyers Since chocolates do not satisfy any immediate needs, it is not a necessary item. Consumer power is very high and consumers need to be persuaded through various positioning planks to consume chocolates. New Entrants Imminent entry of global majors like Hershey's, Mars etc. is bound to change the power equation in the Indian chocolate market. Appendix A Porter's 5 Forces Model

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Shopping Online Essay

Who does not like to shop? Most of the people likes to shop but some people are so lazy that they don’t even have time for shopping. The good news is that, now it is possible to shop from your home, whenever you want, just by clicking on the internet. Life never has been so much easier! Recently shopping online has become very popular because of the vast availability of internet and online banking. Millions of products are sold all over the world through online. Because it’s numerous benefit, nowadays many people prefer to shop online, even though you have to be carefull, shopping online has got many disadvantages as well. Jacob, my little brother is planning to buy some games by the internet, while my father tells him all the advantages and disadvantages of shopping online. When you buy online, some of the advantages are that you save time – Do you have the specific list that you want to buy? With just a couple of clicks of the mouse, you can purchase your shopping orders and instantly move to other important things, which can save time. You can also save fuel and energy, one of the advantages of shopping online is that there is no need for vehicles, so no purchase of fuel necessary. Admit it, it is tiresome to shop from one location and transfer to another location. What is worse is that there are no available stocks for the merchandise you want to buy. In online shopping, you do not need to waste your energy when buying. The advanced innovation of search engine allows you to easily check prices and compare with just a few clicks. It is very straightforward to conduct price comparisons from one online shopping website to another. This gives you the freedom to determine which online store offers the most affordable item you are going to buy. Before buying online, you must be sure to put all your personal information and correct address. Besides that, Online shopping stores are open round the clock of 24/7, 7 and 365 days. The availability of online stores give you the freedom to shop at your own pace and convenience. When buying items online, there are no long lines you have to endure, just to buy your merchandise. Every online store is designed with unique individual ordering features to purchase the item. Read more:Â  Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping