Through the Ages How the Geography Definition Has Changed

Many famous geographers and non-geographers have attempted to define the discipline in a few short words. The concept has also changed throughout the ages, making it difficult to create a concise, universal geography definition for such a dynamic and all-encompassing subject. After all, Earth is a big place with many facets to study. It affects and is affected by the people who live there and use its resources. But basically, geography is the study of the surface of Earth and the people who live there—and all that encompasses. Early Definitions of Geography Geography, a study of Earth, its lands, and its people, started in ancient Greece, with the studys name defined by the scholar and scientist Eratosthenes, who calculated a relatively close approximation of the circumference of Earth. Thus, this academic field started with mapping the land. Greco-Roman astronomer, geographer, and mathematician Ptolemy, living in Alexandria, Egypt, in 150 defined its purpose as providing a view of the whole earth by mapping the location of places. Later, Islamic scholars developed the grid system to make maps more accurately and discovered more of the planets lands. Then, another major development in geography included the use in China of the magnetic compass (invented for divination) for navigation, the earliest known recording of which is 1040. European explorers started using it in the century to follow. Philosopher Immanuel Kant in the mid-1800s summed up the difference between history and geography as history as being when something happened and geography being where certain conditions and features are located. He thought of it more descriptive than a hard, empirical science. Halford Mackinder, a political geographer, included people in his definition of the discipline in 1887, as man in society and local variations in environment. At the time members of Britains Royal Geographic Society wanted to ensure that it was studied in schools as an academic discipline, and Mackinders work aided that aim. 20th-Century Definitions of Geography In the 20th century, Ellen Semple, the first female president of the National Geographical Society, promoted the idea that geography also encompasses how environment apparently controls human behavior including affecting culture and the history of people, which was a controversial view at the time. Professor Harland Barrows, who was influential in establishing the subdisciplines of historical geography and the conservation of natural resources and the environment, in 1923 defined geography as the study of human ecology; adjustment of man to natural surroundings. Geographer Fred Schaefer rejected the idea that geography wasnt a hard science and said in 1953 that the study should include the search for its governing scientific laws, defining the discipline as the science concerned with the formulation of the laws governing the spatial distribution of certain features on the surface of the earth. Throughout the 20th century, more subdisciplines thrived under targeted research. H. C. Darby, a historical geographer, was radical in that his area of interest was geographical change over time. In 1962 he defined geography as both science and art. Social geographer J. O. M. Broek worked in the area of the field of how man affects the earth, not just the other way around, and in 1965 said geographys purpose was to understand the earth as the world of man. Ariid Holt-Jensen, who has been instrumental in the study in subdisciplines of settlement geography as well as environmental, local and regional planning, in  1980 defined geography as study of variations in phenomena from place to place. Geographer Yi-Fu Tuan, who in 1991 defined geography as the study of earth as the home of people, has written about how people think and feel about space and place in a personal sense, from their home and neighborhood to their nation, and how thats affected by time. The Breadth of Geography As you can see from the definitions, geography is challenging to define because it is such a broad and all-encompassing field. It is far more than the study of maps and the physical features of the land because people are influenced and influence the land as well. The field can be divided into two primary areas of study: human geography and physical geography.   Human geography is the study of people in relation to the spaces they inhabit. These spaces can be cities, nations, continents, and regions, or they can be spaces that are defined more by the physical features of the land that contain different groups of people. Some of the areas studied within human geography include cultures, languages, religions, beliefs, political systems, styles of artistic expression, and economic distinctions. These phenomena are analyzed with statistics and demographics in relation to the physical environments in which people live. Physical geography is the branch of the science that is probably more familiar to most of us, for it covers the field of earth science that many of us were introduced to in school. Some of the elements studied in physical geography are climate zones, storms, deserts, mountains, glaciers, soil, rivers and streams, the atmosphere, seasons, ecosystems, the hydrosphere, and much, much more. This article was edited and expanded by Allen Grove.

John Dewey, Paulo Freire And W. E. B. Du Bois - 929 Words

True revolutionary thinkers’ parish long before their advance philosophies or contributions to society are fully realized. This is true of John Dewey, Paulo Freire, and W.E.B. Du Bois. They were beacons in the dark lighting the way for society. Each progressive during their generation. This first analysis paper will look at the lives, beliefs, ethics, perceptions of justice, and ideas on current educational practice of Dewey, Freire, and Du Bois. Individuals are effected by the lives they live. According to David Hansen in the book titled, Ethical Visions of Education: Philosophies in Practice (2007), John Dewey lived from 1859-1952. During his 93 years Dewey encountered growing up during an age of great change. According to the web-site†¦show more content†¦Dewey also thought that the educator could learn just as much from the student, as the student could from the educator. As well, Dewey understood people were lifelong learners. Likewise, according to Stephen Fishm an and Lucille McCarthy (2007), Paulo Freire believed that instructors should become â€Å"co-learners† with their students. Freire also thought Marxism and Christianity went hand in hand. A belief that we are our brother’s keeper. According to the Freire Institute (2017), Freire held that individuals should help each other to understand their complete potential in life. Similarly, W.E.B. Du Bois, according to Rodino Anderson (2007), believed everyone had a gift to share with others. Du Bois also alleged that education was the way out of a depraved social and economic state. Now looking at ethics and the perception of justice, according to David Hansen (2007) Dewey thought individuals should learn from everyone, not just a few. Dewey had the insight that there was no boundary to how consequential a person’s existence can develop. Equally, Freire, according to Stephan Fishman and Lucille McCarthy (2007), wanted an enriched further reasonable outlook for people. F reire believed it was right for the underdog to strive for better conditions. Freire notion of justice is a world that is equal, poverty-free, and fair for all. Equally, W.E.B. Du Bois, according to Rodino Anderson (2007), believed in

The Benefits of Kaizen and Kaizen Events free essay sample

There are three specific benefits to performing kaizen events rather than other improvement methods. By scheduling a kaizen event, you are being proactive and setting aside time to make improvements. When people need help from other departments during a future event or activity and the people have already worked on a kaizen team, they are usually more than willing to contribute in any way possible. This attitude and outlook promote a lean culture. By seeing immediate results from a kaizen event, people will come to understand they have more control over their work areas than they think. Full Text  (1564   words)| Copyright American Society for Quality Feb 2007 Kaizen is a Japanese word typically translated to continuous improvement. Originally this word referred to subtle, gradual improvements that are made over time. A baseball analogy is hitting singles all game long to score runs. The connotation of the word has morphed to also include quick or fast improvements, like kaizen events (also known as kaizen blitzes, quick kaizens or rapid improvement projects), which are big improvements that are made quilkly. This is analogous to hitting a homerun in baseball. Both kaizen and kaizen events produce results, like the singles and homeruns driving in runs on the baseball field. But kaizens occur far more often than kaizen events. For many organizations today, kaizen and kaizen events are viewed differently than the traditional mode of improvements. 1 For example, it is very common-especially in North American organizations-to use kaizen to describe how management prioritizes huge, complex and wholesale changes with the hope that vast improvement and profits will follow. Maybe you have heard management say things like: * If we just install the new production line, we can double output. TABLE 1 Kaizen, Kaizen Events and Traditional Improvements| | * We need an enterprisewide information knowledge system to solve all our inventory problems. Them traditional approaches usually dont produce the desired results. Often, organizations tend to overlook the true power of kaizen or kaizen events. They want to hit the homerun, but instead strike out. May be its part of our nature to want the big, dramatic improvement instead of the simple, steady improvement. This can occur for many reasons, including a manager wanting to make his mark on an organization to the thats the way weve always done it attitude. See Table 1 for a summary of the differences between the two. Different Benefits Always remember lean is easy, but getting people to change is difficult. The tools of lean, such as kaizen and kaizen events, arent necessarily rocket science. Getting people to hold a philosophy of continuous improvement can sometimes prove challenging. Lean is not the tools. Lean is in your head and heart. Its how you approach your job, customers, suppliers and processes. Start as a lean learner, graduate to a lean achiever, which will lead you to become a lean thinker. Lean leaner: Understand the basic concepts of lean (for example, lean 101, waste [muda], problem solving, change management, 5S and visual organization). * Lean achiever: Apply the basic concepts to your organization and continue with more complex concepts of lean (for example, cellular flow, kanban and total productive maintenance [TPM]). * Lean thinker: Naturally look at the situation from the lean perspective, moving beyond simply th e tools. There are several benefits to using kaizcn or kaizen events. 2 These benefits can be categorized as either quantitative or qualitative. Unfortunately, too many managers focus solely on monetary benefits without considering peoples feelings, work styles or other intangible benefits derived from kaizen or kaizen events. Quantitative benefits. These are measurable results used to show management specific improvements or prove that time, effort and money were well spent. Based on the kaizen or kaizen event, quantitative benefits might include: * Money saved. * Time saved (contributing to money saved). * Shorter distance traveled. * Fewer people required. * Reduced lead time or cycle time. * Value vs. nonvalue added content. Fewer steps in a process. * Improved first pass yield. * Reduced inventory. One of the tricks of the trade is to get an accountant on board to measure the results of the activities before closing a kaizen or knizen event and eventually forward the metrics to management. I am always amazed and impressed to see how helpful accountants have been in this step. Also, this measurement step encourages manage ment to become owners of the results. Qualitative benefits. These types of feeling results that show the human side of lean might be just as important as the quantitative results. Predictably, these types of benefits are more difficult to measure. For example, we might be able to quantify a 5S events outcome in terms of shorter distance traveled within a workplace, fewer safety incidents and reduced supplies or inventories. But few companies actually take the time to understand the human side of lean. If you listen to participants at a successful lean event, youll hear things like: Now I can find things around here, or These changes will help reduce my stress level, or Look how much more room we have. These are important and lasting human results that are just as important as the measurable ones. Specific Kaizen Event Benefits There are three specific benefits to performing kaizen events rather than other improvement methods. The following kaizen event benefits are commonly overlooked by management: 1. Time: When is there ever really enough time to make improvements? One of the biggest reasons I recommend using a kaizen event as a method of improvement is that the time of the event is scheduled. If you wait until you have time to get a team together to make improvements, youll wait forever. By scheduling a kaizen event, you are being proactive and setting aside time to make improvements. 3 2. Teamwork: Invariably, at the end of a knizen event, someone mentions how much he or she enjoyed working as a team. This comment signals a shift in attitude from the beginning of the event, when individuals might have worked alone. When people need help from other departments during a future event or activity and the people have already worked on a kaizen team, they are usually more than willing to contribute in any way possible. This attitude and outlook promote a lean culture. 3. Proof: To convince people lean does indeed work, many need to see proof. By seeing immediate results from a kaizen event, people will come to understand they have more control over their work areas than they think. Also, documenting activities allows us to track tangible benefits and improvements in the work areas. Caveat of Kaizen Events Some people disparage kaizen events. They dont believe the calculated results, or they contend that the results cannot be sustained. I would agree with this only if the team falsified the results or the team did not standardize a process to make it a new, improved way. If kaizen events are deemed to have failed for these reasons, I wouldnt blame the team. I would look at the process or system and see what lessons could be learned to avoid these failures in the future. Resistance to kaizen events might occur because one purpose of lean is to instill discipline into our organizations. If discipline is lacking, in many cases I look to management to see why an exent is considered a failure. For instance, basic building blocks of lean-such as 5S or standardized work-can help build the discipline within an organization to perform more difficult lean concepts such as kanban or TPM. During one 5S event, I mentioned this to a team. During a break, a team member told me the company already uas using kanban. I asked, How was it working? She said, Not so well. Why? Because the company didnt have the discipline in place to move the kanban cards correctly as needed. This caused problems. I have performed more than 200 kaizen events during my quality career. In one way or another, each event has improved how each company has performed. It is not uncommon during a quick change event to cut the time in half on the very first try. For example, applying standardised work to an order entry process reduced the time for the task by one-third and made it easier to train new employees. A 5S event reduced the stress between departments by organizing and shindardizing how paperwork was passed on. Whether the company is able to sustain the gains is another story. To sustain the gains the company must: * Standardize processes to the new, improved level. * Train everyone involved to the new standard. * Monitor the results over time. * Secure commitment of management and assign ownership to maintain and improve the gains. Companies cant just schedule a kaizen event or slap the term kaizen on any project or activity and hope it turns around a business operation or function. Kaizen cant just happen on its own, but must come from a companys thoughtful, serious commitment to continuous improvement. Kaizen events might last just a few days, but kaizen doesnt happen overnight. Its a change in the way of thinking, not just a change in process. [Sidebar]| These simple lean tools require an organizations serious commitment to continuous improvement.

Shakespeare Twelfth Night Essay Example

Shakespeare: Twelfth Night Paper These lines and indeed Act Three Scene One itself is taken from almost exactly the middle of the play. Many of the characters secrets are beginning to come out or are at least suspected. Viola is troubled by her love for Orsino, and it is possible that this is something that Feste explores earlier in the scene. Orsino however is still stuck deeply in the throes of his romantic love, but below the surface there are hints that he is confused by Viola and his feelings for her. Viola also inspires confusion or at least infatuation in the mind of Olivia, who has fallen deeply in love with Orsinos young servant. Sebastian has not yet arrived, and the plays subplot is really coming into being with Malvolio having just received the letter dropped for him by Mariah, much to the amusement of Sirs Andrew and Toby. The extract itself is taken from the end of the scene; Feste has just exited and Viola alone on stage delivers her lines of blank verse as a soliloquy to the audience. The speech at first seems to refer to her recent and uncomfortable encounter with Feste, but also reflects on other ideas including the two key themes of the play. Moreover, when actually delivered in a production, in my opinion the actress could interpret these lines in a variety of different ways and subsequently speak to mean different things. However, it seems to me that the long vowel sounds (occurring especially regularly in the last three lines) lend themselves particularly to a reflective manner of speaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare: Twelfth Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare: Twelfth Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare: Twelfth Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The actress would draw them out portraying Violas pondering of the revelations she has worked out after her encounter with Feste, as was done in the school production of the play. The opening line, This fellow is wise enough to play the fool, is a play on the proverbial statement No man can play the fool as well as the wise man, and perhaps also He is not wise who cannot play the fool. Firstly, here Viola is looking back at Feste she was confused by the encounter, but understands how intelligent he actually is. It also sets the theme of the passage the wit of fools and the folly of wise men an effectively confusing way to end a scene in which foolery has been the main theme. Interestingly, this confused content creates a distinct contrast to the solid blank verse which also happens to be in almost perfect iambic pentameter, but does however gain an extra syllable on the first, fifth, and sixth lines. This changing rhythm adds to the general theme of madness in the play as well as demonstrating further Violas confusion. In particular, the broken rhythm of the lines might show how conflicting emotions primarily love could crack her self-control. After this, Violas speech continues to elaborate on her comparison between wise men and fools, and her analysis of Feste. The next few lines seem to be her description of what Feste does, and how clever and sensitive he must be to actually is to do this how he must observe their mood on whom he jests, the quality of persons. In my opinion, this could also be interpreted as her realisation of how he has read her that he has worked out all her secrets and she knows this. There are several hints at this earlier in the scene. After this, the next phrase seems to be more of the same, Not, like the haggard, check at every feather that comes before his eye is another acknowledgement of the skill of Feste, but possibly also indication that she sees certain predatory attributes in him. The haggard refers to a wild hawk that will seize on any prey it sees Feste apparently must not do this. Earlier in the scene he hardly treated her respectfully and she could well feel resentful, as if she had been his prey. Finally she might also have, possibly subconsciously but in my opinion more likely not aimed this phrase at herself in a moment of ironic self-deprecation referring to her suddenly and, perhaps, irrationally falling for Orsino. She does not really understand her love and is telling herself that she is the one that must not check at every feather. Moreover, on the surface, Shakespeares use of a hawk as a simile to demonstrate Violas point would have been very easy to relate to and understand by his audience, as hawking was still a favourite pastime of the Elizabethan upper class. The next line returns back to the theme of fools and wise men: This is a practice as full of labour as a wise mans art declares Festes fooling to be equal to any wise mans profession and possibly even an acceptable alternative to such a job as well as declaring how difficult it is. However, in the final phrase, Viola arrives at her conclusion that the Festes profession is more worthwhile, cleverer and far more sensible than following the path of a wise man as for wise men to act foolishly would be wrong not in keeping with any wise mans art if they were to do this they would become stupid, or possibly even mad. By comparison, folly that [Feste] shows is fit folly that Feste intelligently displays is skilfully adapted (to his current audience) but wise men, folly-falln, quite taint their wit. This line allows for a whole range of different interpretations. In my opinion, it works excellently to bring the passage back into context with the themes of the play, explored below. Another very possible interpretation of the phrase might be that Viola is again bemoaning Orsinos confusion in his idealistic love for Olivia; he has falln folly to her, or possibly just to his own narcissism, and is blind to Violas love for him, and even blind to her actual sex. Secondly, an interesting way to view this particular passage is another allusion to Ovids Metamorphoses, which appear in several places throughout the play, if interpreted in a certain way. For example, in Act 1 Scene 1: That instant was I turned into a hart And my desires like fell and cruel hounds Eer since pursue me. If indeed it is an allusion to the Metamorphoses one way to interpret it with relation to Ovids work would be through the same story (of Diana and Actaeon) that the extract above is a play on. Actaeon was a huntsman, not wise exactly, but reputedly sensible whose folly was bad luck in stumbling across Diana bathing. Desperate to keep any living mortal from being able to walk away and tell of what he had seen, and unable to reach her bow, she turned him into a stag. Subsequently, he was then torn to pieces by his own hounds. Significantly becoming an animal, he could be said to have lost, or tainted his wits. If the passage is read in this way, with Orsino taking the place of Actaeon, Viola could almost be blaming Olivia for Orsinos lack of interest in her although this seems really quite unreasonable and unlikely as she knows well of Olivias misguided infatuation with Viola herself. Another way to link Actaeon and Orsino is that they both could be seen to objectify women. A feminist might view Actaeons watching of Diana bathing as an act of voyeurism. He just sees the woman purely as an object to enjoy, and as a result he is torn to pieces by his own animalistic hence hounds desires. Orsinos enjoyment of his own, self-proclaimed love for Olivia could be seen to amount to much the same thing and so ultimately ending with his destruction. This is something that the pragmatic Viola fears. An even more relevant tale from Ovids Metamorphoses is, in my opinion, that of Narcissus himself. Narcissistic is often a very obvious and appropriate way to describe Orsinos actions. Interestingly, Ovids version of the story, Narcissus was a famously attractive, but proud, boy punished by the Gods for having spurned all his male suitors. The fact that Narcissus in this version was a homosexual or at least loved by other men, with no actual feelings of his own for anyone except himself makes the moral story even more appropriate when read with regard to Orsino. A common interpretation of his character is that he is actually homosexually inclined, not at all interested in women except as a far off object with which to entertain himself through his own apparent passion, and the practice of what he believes should be a romantic ideal the idea of Courtly Love. Indeed, he never really ventures near Olivia until the end of the play and even then argues with her almost instantly, obviously finding her difficult to get on with. He is also violently, almost irrationally, shocked and angry at the prospect of Cesario (Viola) being taken away from him by Olivia. Whether this is interpreted as inspired by jealousy and anger at Cesario, or perhaps concealed shock that he is leaving him, is up to the reader. Moreover, once their apparent marriage comes out, he is really very abusive of Olivia, the woman he is meant to be madly in love with. Crucially, for most of the play, he surrounds himself with men, including the almost constant company of his servant Cesario whom he believes to be a man. Interestingly, even after he learns the truth he still insists on calling her boy. The play certainly contains some ambiguity about Orsinos sexuality. Another narcissistic quality of Orsinos is his wildly dramatising his love for Olivia, in that he idles around his court moaning of his passion to himself. He seems more interested in the passion and purity of his own alleged love, rather than the actual object his love is directed at. In my opinion, Orsino is clearly self-obsessed. To continue with Ovids story, a young man named Aimeinias falls deeply in love with Narcissus but is turned away. Aimeinias then kills himself on Narcissus doorstep, praying to Nemesis that one day Narcissus too would know the pain of unrequited love. Later, this prayer is fulfilled when Narcissus becomes entranced with his reflection in the pool, and attempts to seduce himself without realising it is him. Unable to do so, drowned in confusion and sorrow, Narcissus transfixes himself with his sword, completing the symmetry of the tale. Now, it is possible that at this stage in the play Viola, unable to make Orsino see her for what she really is and how she feels, might be putting herself in Aimeinias place that of one experiencing tragically unrequited love, although she is far too pragmatic to actually kill herself. However, in using this possible reference to Narcissus in her thoughtful soliloquy she is worrying about the future, and what could happen to Orsino if he is not turned from his current, self-obsessed mindset. She worries that he will destroy himself, never understanding who he really is. In any case, falling in love with oneself to the extent of committing suicide could definitely be described as a tainting of the wit of the highest order. Aside form connections with Ovids Metamorphoses another, more contextual, way to look at the extract with regard to a possible example of a wise man, folly falln at that time Rupert Devereux, Earl Of Essex, and a long-time favourite of Queen Elizabeth. He was a military hero but, following a poor campaign against Irish Rebels during the Nine Years War, he defied the Queen and was executed for treason in February 1601 around the time that Shakespeare was writing Twelfth Night. This also ties in with another possible meaning of the haggard, [checking] at every feather. This could have vaguely alluded to the ailing Queen and her changing selection of favourites, many of whom did her country no good at all. Members of the audience at that time, particularly those directly associated with Her Majestys Court, may well have picked up on this. In fact, most of the passage could be looked at as excellent general advice for doing well in court intrigues this may also have been of note to courtiers attending Queen Elizabeth when she viewed the play. Incidentally, this important line is clearly stressed and broken up with particular emphasis on folly-falln to make the words, and their range of meanings, particularly noticeable. This is achieved with the consonance of the letter f causing the phrase to stand out. Moreover, this alliteration, combined with the clear iambic pentameter of the lines and the rhyme of fit and wit is used by Shakespeare to round off the lines of blank verse in a natural, poetic, way a technique he often uses to end formal speeches by lead characters. Furthermore, the end phrases are linked clearly with the wise/fool motif back to the beginning and the play on He is not wise who cannot play the fool. Incidentally in my opinion this statement in itself, if extracted from its connotations in the top line, could very neatly sum up the point in Violas entire soliloquy. Finally, as I mentioned above, not only do these last lines link the passage back on itself, they link it with the rest of the play through the plays two most important themes love and madness. These two powerful ideas are reflected on throughout most of the play, including much of Act 3 Scene 1 although not so much my chosen passage, except the last line. If it is read with these in mind folly falln can easily be read as in love and if this is the case, instead of explaining how foolish wise men are, it instead states that any normally rational person, when in love quite taint their wit. This idea is demonstrated by several of the main characters throughout the play, Orsino being the most obvious example although he is complex because he could either be interpreted as madly in love with Olivia, or if you take the narcissistic view, with himself. However, in my opinion, it could certainly be said that every major character excepting Feste, who appears to be exempt from the tragi c trials of the rest of the world and instead seems to act as some short of catalyst to bring the other characters together in the correct pairings loses their wits to some extent because of love. However, this idea of love causing madness does seem to strongly contrast with the entire play, if thought about with its status as a Comedy in mind. At the heart of many traditional Comedies, abiding by the Greek rules for the genre, the story will revolve around the correction of certain problems areas where there is something deeply wrong with the world (these are many and varied in Twelfth Night, but are largely based around the separation of Viola and Sebastian) through music, mirth and marriage. Each of these three mediums is both important and relevant to the play, which contains resonances of all. Mirth, for example, is used by Shakespeare in many of his plays both to end them satisfactorily, through the conventions of a Comedy and simply to provide his audience with amusement. In Twelfth Night both of these are evident. The sub-plot involving the entrapment and public humiliation of Malvolio is made up of inherently amusing characters, and is full of puns and other amusing lines often deliberately sexual. Presumably this was meant to appeal particularly to the lower classes, whilst the comparatively more highbrow drama was assumed to be to the tastes of the noblemen. However, in my opinion the sub-plot probably provided much light relief and enjoyment, complete with its bawdy jokes, to all. Moreover, the sub-plot also provides us with the rather cruel, but supposedly comic, ending involving Malvolios departure ending the play with mirth. (Incidentally, this also functions as an attack on Puritanism. Puritans consistently tried to close the theatres, as they were immoral, and as such were a popular target for ridicule in plays. Malvolio is described as a kind of Puritan and as such ends the play in disgrace shamed, and leaving the house. Finally, in the actual production of the play, the audience would almost certainly have found the cross-dressing amusing, something Shakespeare must have intended as all actors at that time were male. So, the actor playing the character of Viola would have been a man, dressed up as a woman, dressed up as a man a very confusing circumstance that almost anyone should find funny! It would also have fit very nicely with the original role-changing traditions of the festival of Twelfth Night. Secondly, music is particularly evident in the play, which contains two songs actually written in the script and other references to music being played which could easily have been introduced in for an actual production of the play, and probably were. Twelfth Night is definitely one of Shakespeares more musical plays. Music, in a comedy, is important in itself as a symbol of harmony but furthermore it is often interpreted as referring to the Ancient Greek idea of Music Of The Spheres. This is supposed to be the original music, originating from the proportions and movements of all celestial bodies at the time thought to be revolving around the earth. Of this, all earthly music is supposedly a copy, so the theory goes, created since the Fall after which Adam and Eve could no longer hear this divine, perfect harmony. However, in this instance, it is marriage that is especially important. Marriage, as part of a Comedy, not only provides a happy ending for the play, but also, along w ith Music, symbolises social harmony. As a result, if the end of Violas soliloquy is interpreted as an argument that people lose their wits when in love, it could well be seen as a sharp contrast to the Comedic idea that marriage will sort out peoples problems, make everything right and keep everyone in their right minds. Importantly, this basic idea and the importance of social harmony would probably have been very easy to relate to for the Elizabethans that Shakespeares plays would have been performed to, and indeed to most of Europe. All in all, the late 16th, early 17th Centuries were not times that could be easily described as rich in social harmony, or much harmony at all really. Although on the surface it has been described as a golden age a time that ushered in a new era, breaking away from the past in many ways (for example the new styles of plays written by William Shakespeare); a time filled with exploration and expansion this can still hardly have been particularly peaceful. Socially, the growing power of the middle classes, particularly in London, threatened to unbalance the traditions of social hierarchy a hierarchy created centuries ago, with the evolution of the basic Feudal System. This rise in middle-class mercantile power would have seriously worried established upper classes perhaps making them unsure of their own security. Another source of worry for the upper classes would have been Englands military security, both internal and external. Critically, at that time England had a major rival in Spain. The two countries had conflicted often both in Europe and the Americas the Anglo-Spanish war (1585 1604. ) Particularly notable was the Armada, famously defeated in 1588, although less well known is the English retaliation the disastrously unsuccessful Drake-Norris expedition of 1589. After these Spain provided much support for the Irish Catholics in a draining guerrilla war against England, mentioned earlier with regard to Rupert Devereux. This, combined with a series of lost skirmishes with Spanish land and naval forces was very damaging both to the English Exchequer and to the economy, so carefully restored under Elizabeths prudent guidance after the Wars Of The Roses another bad memory hanging over the English people. When Twelfth Night was first shown the civil war may have been particularly prominent in the minds of many people, as no-one wanted to repeat it and yet Elizabeth seemed to be becoming more and more infirm (she would die in 1603, the year after Twelfth Night was first performed) and she had no heir. Consequentially, throughout this Golden Age, English society may well have actually been very tense and worried. Even the expression of the great new ideals and style of living in Merry England is possibly being mocked by the play. This expression included the evolution of new music and literature, architecture and adventurous seafaring. So, for example, Orsinos mis-use of very old, classical literature in his language and declarations of love seems at odds with the wave of new writing sweeping the country from authors like Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and Edmund Spenser, not to mention Shakespeare himself. Finally, the exitement and romance of adventurous seafaring is really very black humour when looked at with Twelfth Night, a play from which the entire plot origianates from a shipwreck. However, it would certainly be a very topical way to involve the audience, as many may have been involved in such seafaring, or at least interested by it, and opening his play with a shipwreck, Shakespeare may well have interested and excited his audience from the start. Indeed, London was and still is to some extent a very great trading post. Finally there is the idea of Twelfth Night itself. A very popular holiday, Twelfth Night, in Elizabethan England, marked the end of the winter festival that started on All Hallows Eve. It was a time of festivities and merrymaking indeed, Shakespeares play was written to be part of Twelfth Night entertainment and was first performed in Middle Temple Hall, London 1602 as the culmination of the evenings revelry. The play itself draws heavily from Twelfth Night ideas, not least the name. Crucially, the theme of confusion and back-to-front-ness (for on Twelfth Night a King, or Lord Of Misrule usually a servant is elected to lead the festivities) is echoed strongly throughout the Comedy, through ideas like Viola spending much of the play as a man, or Malvolio believing he could wed Olivia and become a nobleman. Even in my chosen passage the idea is reflected, through the theme and repetitive comparison of fools and wise men.

Laying the foundations of Science Essays - Science, Free Essays

Laying the foundations of Science Essays - Science, Free Essays Laying the foundations of Science Laying the foundations of Science Knowing the deep seated foundations of Science led me through a simple throw back of a long time question, Why would Egyptians consider Nile River flooding outcome an advantage in their part? I remember my late grandfather, living beside a river, who used to plow the land every after a cyclical river flooding. I wondered why. He said its the best time to plant his crops just exactly the way my great grandparents do when he was young. Its a farming practice and culture to follow he added. Until I started school and the same explanation I heard from my HEKASI teacher: that the flooding in a river means rich soil to Egyptians and its planting time. But whats with the flooding that can enrich a soil? Its not surprising that people when I was ten would have made me stay where I am a little longer to wait for an explanation to my queries, not even my parents though. I have come to understand long enough, after I finished school: that floods from river may bring silt which will enrich the soils suitable for growing crops; that water lilies are also an indicator of mineral accumulation in a river that relatively depicts convenience for another wave of bountiful farming if waters overflow and redistributed another batch of silts to lands nearby. Then a chain of inquiry and acquisition of facts followed: that when the river is brownish, it has rained in the uplands bringing down silts in many run-offs; that when its greenish, it hasnt rain for a long time and algae are starting to make algal bloom happen; etc. All of these information made me think that Egyptians really have gone pre-science phase by way of primitive discoveries unrolled in the ancient years and their ideas were not so systematic to accurately explain why a phenomenon occur. Another magnificent scenario was the moment we first perceived flame. Obtained by natural source such as striking flint against stone to produce sparks, fire had been discovered, paving a way to the most important discovery of all time. Because of this, early men were able to bake clay pots which were used to cook. Fire reflected off its menacing scales but became a mean of light source and heat to many people and we are recipients to the advantage it bore in all forms of its application. Because of what I have scientifically found and understood, my grandparents are now justified in their farming practice. They raised the bloodline where I owe my heredities the most to the way ancient people facilitate farming technology in doing a living. I am also justified to pass such a life-long knowledge and experience to my students. Glad that Ive become a culprit of every childs first-hand knowledge. Theres much heart-longing of saying gratitude, granting a turn-back time when theyre once alive, for laying a scientific practice that gave everyone a chance to be more nourished and live longer life. Indeed, this simple realization can bring us to a fact that science has been around since the beginning of time. I believe it evolved from the everyday efforts of people trying to improve their way of life. History can claim and attest that humankind had developed and utilized materials such as tools, simple machines, and techniques without understanding how or why they worked and without comprehending their physical or chemical composition either. Serendipity-wise, they have plenty. All these, I believe, had become benchmarks to any scientific discovery that flourished from the time being and onwards. The People of Science After knowing main characters behind science the most detailed way, I really am composed claiming that all of us alive right now are but a total of the many scientists who planted trees through the years; and that through the process of times and circumstances we germinated underneath their shade of wisdom and scientific knowledge as though we rightfully deserve to reap and enjoy their harvest today. Owing absolute reliance on technological advancements to enhance our daily activities, whether it be as simple as androidified cellphones for communication and status signature purposes; or the stem cell technology for extraordinary rejuvenating effect of

Interview How I became a self-published millionaire

Interview How I became a self-published millionaire Interview: "How I became a self-published millionaire" Joseph Alexander is a writer, a musician, and a professional marketer here at Reedsy. He’s also the co-author of the new book Self-Published Millionaire. We sat down with Joseph to talk about his book, his independent publishing brand, and his journey from private guitar tutor to self-sustaining author - as well as what you can learn from it. Hi Joseph, the title of your book is Self-Published Millionaire, so I guess the first question is: are you a millionaire?Well, yes! As strange as it still feels to say it, I passed the $1,000,000 net worth mark about a year ago, and  £1m not long after. My company will bring in about $800,000 this year in royalties, and this has been increasing by about 10-20% each year for the last 6 years.How did you make that happen?The short version is that I was sitting at home teaching private guitar lessons and writing down what I was teaching. The same questions kept coming up repeatedly, so I decided to write out the exercises I was giving. I stored these on my computer and, lo and behold, I eventually had enough material for a book. A friend told me about KDP and the rest is history. Self-Published Millionaire is now available for online purchase. If you have any questions or thoughts, please leave them in the comments below.

Restuarent Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Restuarent Analysis - Essay Example There was entirely everything one could imagine having for lunch at that particular place. There were myriad kinds of crusts ranging from traditional, deep fish, special toast and others which actually reflected the rich variety at the restaurant. In the same vein, different kinds of sources were on offer in the place. In this category we had options like vodka source, barbeque, white and traditional red. The pizzas on offer actually cost between $3.50 which gave a six inch plain pizza to $18.75 which gave a fourteen inch pizza coupled with five toppings. The prices of particular pizzas range from $ 5.75 to $18.75. This basically depends on the size of the pizza and the particular creation the customer wants. After perusing the myriad choices availed in the menu, we opted for pizza and salad. The food arrived very hot and in reasonable amount. The service was also very decent. We also ordered traditional pan crust together with barbeque source. We had it go down with low-fat mozzarella cheese and pineapple. Indeed, the food was very tasty and excellent in appearance. The crust was very crunchy and the barbeque source was perfect in taste. The whole combination was very excellent except for the mere fact that the pineapple was in small amounts. The flavor of the salad coupled with the sweetness of the juicy pineapple presented a good and tasty combination. The chicken tenders we ordered came in the form of two whole chicken tenders in which case, the customer had to tear them or eat them whole. a For beer, I chose imported Newcastle Brown Ale while my sister opted for strawberry lemonade. The bear was very appropriate in darkness and gave a good top for the pizza. The lemonade was a bit sour but with the application of the strawberries and syrup, it had the appropriate sweetness. Indeed, the overall experience at Mother Bear’s was very good. The ambiance was

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Finance - Essay Example The global nature of business operations has given rise to foreign currency denominated transactions. This means that the companies have a significant amount of foreign currency receivables and payables in their financial statements. Therefore any adverse movement in the exchange rate can have a serious impact on the profitability position of the company. For this reason the companies hedge their position using financial derivative products like foreign currency options, forward contract, currency swaps, currency futures etc. The modernization of financial markets and the consequent development of advanced hedging techniques mean that the companies no more rely only on the traditional hedging methods rather now they employ various financial instruments to protect the value of their receivables. Many studies have been conducted about the foreign currency hedging practices of the companies. Academic literature relating to hedging has developed various theories that explain the incentives derived by an individual from hedging. Hedging protects the position of the hedger. Keynes states explicitly that the process of hedging eliminates risk (Ullrich, 2009, pp.107). In fact the financial derivatives can also be used for making speculative gains. This can be done by the companies who maintain a specialized risk management department as these professionals can take a position based on market anticipations. Various studies have been done to find as to why the firms hedge their overseas exposures. Some of these studies have focused on the usage of hedging tools like foreign currency derivatives and foreign currency debt (Judge, 2003). The strategy is chosen on the basis of the term of the exposure. For short-term exposures one expects that the firms will rely on derivatives. The long term exposure can be hedged using methods like issuance of debt and geographical asset diversification. A

Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay Essay Example for Free

Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay Essay Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay/ To mould thee man? Did I solicit thee/ From darkness to promote me? Adams words appear in 1818 edition of FR. What light do they cast on the Creature? Does Shelley present him as monster or victim? By using the above quote from Paradise Lost (printed in the epigraph on the title page of Frankenstein) Shelley has shown that she does see some parallels with Gods creation of man and Frankensteins creation. However through the novel Shelley expresses many opinions and criticisms of society which were influenced by her own family circumstances and her vast reading. She makes constant reference to family and the concept of alienation and by examining how the creature is treated we can form a better view on whether he is a monster or a victim. Shelley quickly gets the reader involved in the story by enabling us to read the letters Walton writes to his sister. This epistolary style gives a sense of realism to the whole story and thus prepares us to hear Frankenstein and the creatures accounts later on through Waltons journal, which forms a frame for their versions of the story. Because we are hearing Frankensteins version through the eyes of Walton, a romantic character, who bitterly feel(s) the want of a friend and quickly identifies Frankenstein as the sort of person who could satisfy this want, we may be hearing a biased version of the events. We also see the Creatures version told to Frankenstein and then recorded in Waltons journal. However, the eloquent rhetoric used by the creature give the impression that we are not reading an entirely prejudiced report of the creatures account who may otherwise have appeared less articulate and more like a babbling monster. However, first of all I will examine Frankensteins narrative where we can see that there is regular emphasis put on the benevolence of the characters. His father passed his younger days perpetually occupied by the affairs of his country and his parents benevolent dispositions often made them enter the cottages of the poor. His mother is described as having a soft and benevolent mind and his own early childhood memories are of his mothers soft caresses and his fathers smile of benevolent pleasure. This emphasis on the importance of benevolence can be traced to Shelleys father, William Godwin a radical thinker who believed that universal benevolence would create a just and virtuous society and that a true solitaire could not be considered a moral being. Shelley by dedicating her book to her father would seem to be showing that she believed and shared in some of his philosophy and this would appear to be the case here. Before we hear the creatures story we see the use of both Romantic and Gothic imagery setting the scene. Frankenstein is enjoying the beauty of nature when a noble war in the sky takes place. This is a description of a storm which is taking place and Shelley frequently uses the weather and sublime scenery before the entry of the creature or when something unpleasant is about to take place. If we then start to look at the creatures narrative reported by Frankenstein to Walton (thus showing how Shelley has used a set of enclosing narratives Waltons narrative being the framing narrative with Frankensteins story enclosed in this and the creatures enclosed within that. ) we see that his story is totally the opposite to Frankenstein. When we do see the entry of the creature we see that his first memories are the opposite to Frankensteins, they are not of benevolence he is rejected by his creator, followed by the repulsion and horror of the shepherd, followed by the villagers chasing him off and the DeLaceys and finally after saving the life of a young girl he is shot by a man. Accordingly, in his own words: I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. The idea of the unfallen state of innocence possessed before the creatures corruption, brought about from his contact with society, is something Shelley had come into contact with from her reading of Rousseaus books. The creature claims to have read Paradise Lost (believing it to be factual) and other books such as Plutarchs Lives and through these and listening to the DeLaceys he starts to build up a picture of the philosophy of society. He sees himself as the lowest of the low when he learns about the class system and when he sees his own reflection. The latter he describes as miserable deformity. Consequently the solitary and abhorred creature who believes himself to be miserably alone compares himself to Adam. However he realises that Adam had not been alone and his creator had not turned from him in disgust and abandoned him. Because no Eve soothed my sorrows nor shared my thoughts he sees that his only hope of happiness is to have a female version of himself created. Thus we see again parallels being drawn with the Paradise Lost story. Using eloquent and persuasive language Frankenstein is persuaded to create a second creature. Of course, he later decides against this and we see the creature once again facing a life alone, miserably alone and it is in this state we see him once again causing death and destruction. Some readers see that the book is a rejection of the excess of romanticism, perhaps Shelley saw this excess in her husband Percy and felt the need to voice an objection. If a person becomes obsessed with the pursuit of knowledge then things can go wrong and this could be seen to be the case with Frankenstein. Others believe that Frankenstein represents a man who sees himself in the place of God who does not need a woman to have a child and if this is the case once again we can see that Shelley has shown how things can go wrong and instead of No father should claim the gratitude of his child as completely as I should deserve theirs we see a creature alone, miserably alone who sees the only way forwards is the annihilation of one of (them) Consequently, it is my opinion the creature was a victim and that this is the way that Shelley intended us to judge him. She wished the readers to see that society has a responsibility for everyone. We should not judge people by their appearance and we should take responsibility for the less fortunate people in our society. She was writing at the time of the industrial revolution and when many new scientific theories were being advanced and perhaps saw the danger of what could happen if people failed to take responsibility for their actions and perhaps even believed that it would one day be possible to create beings and wanted to ensure that scientists would see that they had a responsibility for anything that they did create. The creature had no loving family or friends and no one to guide him and therefore it is inevitable that he would turn into a monster but a monster because of the way he had been treated and therefore a victim. Am I to be thought the only criminal, when all human kind sinned against me?

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Human Rights Act, Chapter 214 of the revised statutes, 1989, it states that â€Å"in recognition that human rights must be protected by the rule of law, this Legislature affirms the principal that every person is free and equal in dignity and rights without regard to race, religion, religious creed, colour, sex, physical or mental disability or ethnic or national origin.† Unfortunately though, sometimes this law is not always abided by. Women, aboriginal people who are physically or mentally challenged, and visible minorities have often been denied employment equity, or equal employment opportunities due to discriminatory practices. These groups should enjoy equal representative share of employment opportunities in all occupations and at all levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An example of discrimination that denies equal opportunity is the practice of allowing members of these four groups to advance within a company only to a certain level. The company may appear to be equitable by including members of these groups in management positions. However, the top executive positions are still out of reach for members of these groups not because these people are not qualified for the jobs, but because they are discriminated against. Legislation, including the federal Employment Equity Act, exists to ensure employment equity. Such legislation requires employers to report what proportion of their employees belong to these four groups. Employers must then prove that all groups are equally represented at all levels within their organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Affirmative action promotes equality in the workplace in such areas as hiring, training-apprenticeships, promotion, compensation, transfer, layoff, termination and goals. It also promotes equal employment opportunities for those groups or individuals who are disadvantaged due to race, religion, creed, colour, disability, national or ethnic origin, sex, age or marital status. Affirmative action programs are designed to improve the lot of people who have suffered as a result of past discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By the year 2000, white males will likely account for only 15% of new workers - 85% of new workers will consist of women, aboriginal people, physically or mentally challenged people, and members of visible minorities. The number of women and minorities has increased in many occupations because of affirmative action programs. Some companies actually make a point of advertising that they are Equal Opportunity Employers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application forms and advertisements for employment should not make any inquiry that directly or indirectly expresses or invites any limitation, specification, preference or information as to age, race, colour, religion, creed, sex, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, ethnic, national

Compare or contrast two colleges Essay

I have attended to two different colleges in the United States and the fact is that they are quite different in some points. After graduating Quincy High School, I enrolled in an English as Second Language program in the Suffolk University to get accepted to the school. One year later, I transferred to Quincy College. According to my experience, I recognize the differences between a university and a community college in terms of their campus size, tuitions and fees, and their students’ activities. The first difference between a university and a community college is size. A university has a larger campus and more buildings. In contrast, a community college is smaller and has fewer classrooms. For instance, Quincy College only has two main buildings facilitated for teachings and learning while Suffolk University categorizes each major in one large building such as school of law and school of business. Moreover, the university also has more spaces for library, cafeteria, gymnasium, and stadium to serve an enormous student body. On the other hand, the community college has limited spaces to expand its facilities. In general, the university has to provide services for more students than the community college so that its campus should be larger. Secondly, the tuitions and fees of a four-year university are more expensive than a community college. Even though the financial aid can cover some of the tuitions and fees, they are sometimes still too much to afford for some students. For example, I needed to pay the remaining after receiving financial aid by myself. When I was at Suffolk University, I had owed direct loans to the federal government and some private loans. Conversely, my tuitions and fees at Quincy College are fully covered by my financial aid. That saves me a lot and I don’t have to borrow some extra money to finance my college. In addition, after paying off my tuitions and fees, I still have some money for books and stationeries. It can be seen that the community college is much affordable than a university. Thirdly, students’ activities more vary at the university than the community college. Students at the university have more choices for clubs and school activities. A university’s sport team, for example, is established to attract students with sport talents and to compete with other university’s sport team. On the other hand, the community college only offers few of clubs and it does not have a sport league for student to join. With more choices of clubs and extra curriculum activities, the university students have more opportunities to develop their talents and socialize with other students. The community college students, however, do not have many chances and conditions to attend more extra curriculum after school. Students studying at the university would have more options and opportunities to enrich their social life as well as their talents. In conclusion, studying at the community college is more affordable for those who have limited educational budget, but still want to experience an academic college environment. In contrast, despite being costly, the university will satisfy students who like to maximize their capacities with its fully equipped campus and variety of activities. Choosing to study at the community college or the university significantly depends on an individual’s financial conditions, abilities and future plans.

Movie Impact Outline Speech

To inform my audience about how the movie â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind† had an impact on me. Thesis Statement: â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind† had an impact on me because its unique take on a love story showed me the bittersweets of romantic relationships in general. Preview: I will discuss the impact that the movie had on me. I will also tell how the movie's storyline made me appreciate and fall in love with the movie.Body: 1. This movie is one of the only genuine love stories I have ever seen. A. Both of the main characters, Joel and Clementine, were Just so dysfunctional real. B. You experience all the emotions that the characters in the movie experience. Feelings such as loss, regret, anger, instability, sureness, self-discovery, and so much more. 2. This movie also taught me lessons about relationships and breakups. A. It shows why painful memories are Just as important as the good ones. B.It really put into respective how relationships are difficult at times and getting through those hardships will ultimately make you stronger whether It be alone or as a couple. Conclusion: In conclusion, â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind† Is one of those movies I'll probably be going back to throughout all parts of my life. I don't think our culture teaches us how to deal with sadness and loneliness properly, a feeling that Is as vital for the full human experience Just as happiness and comfort Is.

The Fall of Communism essays

The Fall of Communism essays Politics and Government in central and Eastern Europe. In this essay, I will examine what Communism is, the factors that have led to the collapse of Communism and how Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Communism is a political philosophy based upon the principle of collective ownership of both property and the means of production. Communists therefore, view history from the perspective of class struggle and seek to establish a classless society, or in its most ideal form a "dictatorship of the proletariat."1 The idea of a communal society, a fundamental element of communist thought, is not knew, but dates back to the ancient Greeks and was advanced by Plato in his philosophical work the Republic and T. More's Utopia in 1516, which promoted the idea of a communal society. The Industrial Revolution and the severe economic hardships suffered by workers, however, gave rise to socialism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and modern communism emerged from the socialist movement, first as a radical wing of socialism and finally in early twentieth century as a separate and distinct ideology of revolution and collective ownership. The fundamental rivalry between communist and capitalist societies has been a factor in world history since the creation of the first Communist State, the USSR, and therefore, since one was destined to collapse at the end, Communism collapsed. There are many factors which have contributed, over the years, to the collapse of communism, such as the Soviet economic stagnation, the political corruption and the lack of reforms, but the actual collapse of Communism is mainly due to Gorbachev's radical reforms and this is what I am going to focus on. The momentous changes that took place in the Soviet Union under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev are usually described by two Russian words: glasnost and perestroika. The terms glasnost and perestroika came into common use ...

A Single Man (1964) by Christopher Isherwood

A Single Man (1964) by Christopher Isherwood Christopher Isherwood’s A Single Man (1962) is not Isherwood’s most popular or most lauded work, even after the recent Hollywood movie, starring Colin Firth Julianne Moore.  That this novel is one of the â€Å"lesser read† of Isherwood’s novels speaks volumes for his other works, because this novel is absolutely beautiful.  Edmund White, one of gay literature’s most respected and prominent authors, called A Single Man â€Å"one of the first and best models of the Gay Liberation movement† and it’s impossible to disagree. Isherwood himself said that this was the favorite of his nine novels, and any reader might imagine that it would be quite difficult to top this work in terms of emotional connectivity and social relevance.   George, the main character, is an English-born gay man, living and working as a literature professor in Southern California.  George is struggling to readjust to â€Å"single life† after the death of his long-time partner, Jim.  George is brilliant but self-conscious. He is determined to see the best in his pupils, yet knows few, if any, of his students will amount to anything.  His friends look to him as a revolutionary and a philosopher, but George feels he’s simply an above-par teacher, a physically healthy but noticeably aging man with little prospects for love, though he seems to find it when determined not to look for it. The language flows beautifully, even poetically, without seeming self-indulgent. The structure – like short bursts of thought – is easy to keep pace with and seems to function almost in tune with George’s day-to-day musings.  What’s for breakfast?  What’s happening on the way to work?   What am I saying to my students, but what do I hope they’re hearing?   This is not to say that the book is an â€Å"easy read.†Ã‚   In fact, it is emotionally and psychologically haunting.  George’s love for his deceased partner, his loyalty to a broken friend, and his struggle to control lustful emotions for a student are effortlessly expressed by Isherwood, and the tension is brilliantly constructed.  There is a twist ending which, had it not been built with such ingenuity and genius, could read as something quite clichà ©.  Fortunately, Isherwood gets his point across without having to sacrifice his (or the reader’s) imme rsion into the plot line.  This was a balancing act pulled off immaculately – truly impressive. One of the more disappointing elements of the book may be the result of the novel’s length.   George’s simple, sad life is so ordinary but has so much promise; our understanding of this is largely due to George’s internal monologue – his analysis of every action and emotion (typically literary-inspired).  It is easy to imagine that many readers would enjoy getting more of the back story between George and Jim and more of the relationship (little as it existed) between George and his student, Kenny.  Some might be disappointed by George’s kindness to Dorothy; indeed, readers have consistently expressed that they would not have been able, personally, to forgive such a transgression and betrayal. This is the only inconsistency in an otherwise wholly believable plot line, though, and will likely be subject to reader-response, so we can hardly call it an outright fault. The novel takes place in the course of one day, so the characterization is about as well-developed as it can be; the emotion of the novel, the desperation and sadness, are genuine and personal. The reader at times might feel exposed and even violated; sometimes frustrated and, at other times, quite hopeful.  Isherwood has an uncanny ability to direct the reader’s empathy so that she might see herself in George and thereby find herself to be disappointed in herself at times, proud of herself at other times. Ultimately, we all are left with the sense of knowing who George is and of accepting things as they are, and Isherwood’s point seems to be that this awareness is the only way to live a truly satisfied, if not happy, life.

Multinational Corporations Specialized Topics Analyzed by the World Essay

Multinational Corporations Specialized Topics Analyzed by the World Investment Reports - Essay Example Global economic developments are driven by multinational corporations that seek to invest potential economies such as the transition and developing economies. Global economies’ potential has been expanded by multinational corporations through a variety of investment and production modes, which increase international competitiveness. More so, supporting measures built during the crisis have largely contributed to opening up of new investment opportunities for multinational corporations all over the world. Supporting measures include industrial and corporate restructuring, exit of state control and ownership of corporations, and rising valuations of stock markets. Although uncertainty and risk factors remain a major threat to recovery of FDI, supportive environment across the globe and particularly in developing countries has the potential to oversee tremendous recovery and even growth. China, being a developing country, has the largest foreign direct investments being channeled into its economy. ... However, multinationals hold back this potentials and economic opportunities mainly due to risk factors involved with investing in international economies whose prospects and success are unknown. The risks range from widespread debt crisis and rising inflation to financial and fiscal sector imbalances. Developing and transition economies have established favorable framework for foreign investment, which has attracted massive investment inflows from multinationals. On the other hand, developed countries alongside world’s poorest countries have recorded low foreign direct investment flows. Poor regions such as Africa have continually seen foreign direct investment inflows reducing, while developing regions such as the Latin America have recorded progressive increases. Least developed countries, small islands developing states and landlocked developing countries, being among the poorest countries, have continued to attract less foreign direct investment inflows. However, foreign direct investments have improved in natural resources such as oil industry in the African region. Investments in natural resources by multinational corporations are on the rise in African countries and have the potential to grow, although political uncertainties remain a huge hindrance to these possibilities. More on political uncertainties, industry diversity and volume limitations also remain a major barrier in Africa, which calls for harmonization of trade agreements if foreign direct investment growth is to be achieved. Transition and developing economies have increasingly become of vital importance to foreign direct investment with regards to both outflows and inflows. Multinational corporations are channeling their operations to developing and transitions countries owing to

Barfing as Identity Development and Expression in Myles Everyday Barf Essay

Barfing as Identity Development and Expression in Myles Everyday Barf - Essay Example These reasons seem to be mundane, but in reality, they say something about the real feelings and ideas of those who barf, who will be called barfers in this essay. Nothing is random in Myles’ prose poem because events, actions, and characters are all interconnected. Myles provides different events and conditions that make her and other people barf, thereby showing that barfing is both an individual and collective process. Myles argues that to puke is a metaphor of developing and expressing one’s true identity because it is a process of spilling what is inside, so that the barfers can understand who they are and for others to recognize and to accept their identities too. Myles’ troubled relationship with her mother is the center of her barfing because as her mother, she affects her fundamental process of becoming. Myles admits the complex relationship she has with the woman who gave birth to her. On the one hand, she wants to be near her mother again, as she tries to convince her to â€Å"come back† and live with her at â€Å"P-town† (Myles 75). This paper believes that she might be craving for comfort from the original woman of her life because of her failed relationships in the past. On the other hand, Myles show hesitation. She thinks that â€Å"maybe [she] didn’t really want that† (Myles 75) and her mother may not have wanted it either. Still, the feeling that she â€Å"failed† affects her (Myles 75). ... No place† (Myles 75). Myles wants her mother to come along, but she realizes that it might not be good. It might not be good for her to be close to her real identity- a woman and a lesbian. She might be disgusted and that the revelation will harm their relationship further. She is conscious, nonetheless, that her identity cannot be suppressed. Identity smells like puke. If people do not want to see it, they can smell it. They â€Å"could smell the stuff,† the real stuff inside others (Myles 76). Despite the restless emotions, Myles understands that her mother has not completely destroyed her, although the latter continues to affect how she sees herself as a person. Living with her mother has turned her into a puke hater: â€Å"[she hates] puking† (Myles 75). She must have wanted to puke because she has a hard time being who she is with her mother. Myles cannot directly express her identity to her mother, so puking is her release. It is her way of expressing her â €Å"being.† But she cannot puke with her mother around. She cannot â€Å"become† without feeling the judgment of others. Her mother does not fully accept her lesbian identity yet. The â€Å"tipping† of the boat relates to the tip of the iceberg. The iceberg is an individual’s entire identity, where the submerged part is the subconscious. It is also often what is hidden from others. Myles has a hard time being herself because she thinks of what her mother will think about her. But she wants to tip it, to rock the boat and barf. Tipping is the word she likes for it represents a catalyst for revelations, the un-hiding of the hidden self. Myles knows that her mother cannot accept a boat of puking adults, or adults who are openly gay or bisexual. Her mother will leave- as she had

Compare and contrast the films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare and contrast the films - Essay Example The objective of the paper is to compare these movies based on different parameters. Theme is the one of the most important parameters in the analysis of the movies since it is related to the subject being explored by the movie. The theme of Requiem for a Dream is about addition while Pi, The Fountain, and Black Swan are about obsession. The newest movie Noah is about humanity and overcoming challenges. Basically, Aronofsky is known for artsy presentation of theme even to the point of being weird, puzzling and analytical. All of the movies that he directed needs an in depth analysis or one can just enjoy the taste and the artistic manner the theme or subject is presented. With regards to camera work, both Requiem for the Dream and Pi used both a steady and a shaky camera. On the other hand the films The Fountain and Black Swan just used steady camera. Noah used steady camera with wide views due to expanse of the theme. Aronofsky is known to use shaky camera to present the feel of the movie being first hand and even more experiential. According to an observation of his work, he is even known to put cameras on actors to be able to achieve a different perspective, thus, achieving the shaky camera effect (IMDb bio). Editing of the films used either abrupt cut or slow transition for his films. In the Requiem for a Dream and Pi, Aronofsky used abrupt cuts between scenes while The Fountain, Black Swan and Noah used slow transitions between scenes. Compared to the other two movies which is presented in a more artistic, mysterious and affective manner, the latter movies are more dramatic in nature and theme. The fast and short cuts is one of the techniques he is known for which is referred to as hip-hop montage or the fast presentation of scenes and images with a background music to stress an exciting event or even the use of different types of addictive substances which

Investigation of Food Poisoning Outbreak

Investigation of Food Poisoning Outbreak Christian Nehme INTRODUCTION An investigation of a food poisoning outbreak requires some knowledge into what food poisoning is and some common culprit bacteria which trigger such outbreaks. Food poisoning, also known as foodborne illness, is the name for the range of illnesses caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or drink. Food poisoning occurs in two main ways: poisoning by toxic agent or by infectious agent. Food intoxication is when the food contains toxins, usually occurring when the organism that produced the toxin is no longer present or able to cause infection. Food infection, on the other hand, is when the food contains bacteria which infect the body after it is eaten. Foodborne illness is quite common, affecting almost 5.5 million Australians each year. Two common food poisoning causing bacteria are B.cereus vs S. aureus. Bacillus species are Gram positive, aerobic heterotrophs, with the ability to form resistant spore coats. Do they have similar symptoms, toxins? cases in Australia. Description of Scenario As a special treat paid for by the Department of Health and Aging, 435 pensioners were taken on a catered summer’s day harbour cruise. Later that day, a number of the participants became very ill. The food was prepared on shore and brought onto the boat that day, The boat left Circular Quay at around 10am and cruised around Sydney Harbour past Watsons Bay, into Darling Harbour and disembarking at Circular Quay at 3pm.. The water was rather calm and there was a medium breeze. Local hospitals and ambulances were mobilized to respond to the outbreak. It also came to the attention of the local PHU and their personnel were able to retrieve some remnant food and patient specimens from the scene and hospitals. Questionnaires were distributed to the guest list once this was obtained by the local PHU and the NSW Food Authority. Of the questionnaires sent out, 339 were returned providing the following information. Symptoms Of the total number who were sick, 153 suffered severe diarrhoea; 139 vomited; 122 experienced abdominal cramps; 117 said that they felt nauseous; 11 complained of numbness in the arms and legs; and 3 developed haematuria. Thankfully no deaths were recorded as a consequence of this outbreak. Reported details on illness, and what was eaten and not eaten were compiled into Food Attack Tables. RESULTS Number of individuals who attended the cruise:435 Number of questionnaires returned:339 Number of individuals who suffered diarrhea: 153 Number of individuals who suffered vomiting: 139 Number of individuals who suffered abdominal cramps: 122 Number of individuals who suffered nausea: 117 Number of individuals who suffered numbness in arms / legs: 139 Number of individuals who suffered haematuria: 139 Number of deaths: 0 The incubation periods of the sick individuals (number of cases) are displayed in Figure 1. The food-specific attack rates for foods thought to be implicated are shown in Table 1. Figure 1: Epidemic curve presenting incubation periods of sick pensioners aboard the harbour cruise. Results obtained from responses to a questionnaire. Onset times appear as two distinct peaks, one occurring between 2-3 hours and the other between 6-15 hours, after consuming lunch. Data Calculated Percentage morbidity: (219 x 100) / 339 = 64.6% Percentage mortality: (0 x 100) / 339= 0.0% Percentage case fatality rate: (0 x 100) / 219= 0.0% Average incubation period: = 9.9 Hours Table 1: Food-specific Attack rates using data from questionnaire and other calculations including the Odds Ratio, Chi squared and Confidence Interval for each food type. Odds Ratio: An odds ratio greater than 1 indicates a higher risk of becoming risk on eating that particular food type. In Table 1 above, all meats have an odds ratio less than 1, and only Rice Pudding with Custard has an odds ratio greater than 1. Confidence Interval: the Odds Ratio is within a 95% confidence level if the CI does not include 1. From Table 1, Roast Lamb is the only food not within a 95% confidence level, whilst the 3 other food types are within a 95% confidence level. Chi-Squared: Ho = the sickness is not a result of any of the food consumed H1 = the sickness is a result of any of the food consumed When the P-Value is less than 0.05 (non-significant), the null hypothesis can be rejected. Since the P-Value is less than 0.05 for the Chicken, Ham Rice Pudding, the null hypothesis can be rejected, indicating that the case of the sickness was due to the consumption of either one of, or a combination of these foods. Since the P-Value of the Roast Lamb is much greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, signifying that the consumption of the Roast Lamb was most probably not a cause of the sickness. % Ill (Attack Rate): this is a measurement of correlation of the percentage of passengers who got sick and the total number who ate or did not eat a specific type of food. The correlation for Rice Pudding was the one to stand out, where only 20% of the passengers who did not eat rice pudding actually reported that they got sick. This is dramatically less than the other food types, which were above 60% each. Also, Rice Pudding had the highest attack rate of 57.8%. Flowchart of Experiment Food Swabs Cook’s Nose Swab Faecal Swab Results of Experiment DISCUSSION As evident from Figure 1, the number of cases are spread out from 2-21 hours after consuming lunch. There are 2 distinct peaks, occurring at 2-3 and 6-15 hours after consuming lunch. At this stage, a pathogen can possibly be the causative agent as it has shown to portray such symptoms on passing from the Upper Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the Lower GIT(Kho et al. 2011). These peaks can be linked with vomiting and diarrhoea, respectively. Of the commonly known pathogens, Bacillus cereus, a spore-forming pathogen, causes two distinct forms of foodborne effects: an emetic syndrome (vomiting-typified by an incubation period of 1–6 hours) and a diarrheal illness typified by an incubation period of 6–24 hours (Benenson AS, ed). Table 1 yields useful results which play a critical role in identifying the trigger organism for the outbreak. The attack rate for people who ate the different food types was the highest for Rice Pudding Custard (57.8%), although the other food types were closely behind, Roast Lamb being the closest at 56%. This is not enough information to be able to conclude the causative food type since the attack rate only ranges by 7%. This close range could be due to the fact that these food types were consumed in varying combinations, which makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact, single food at fault. This attack rate, however, can be combined with the attack rate of the pensioners who did not eat a particular food type, giving a clearer picture as to what the causative food source was. Rice Pudding Custard, having the lowest attack rate at just 20%, suggests that if it were not eaten, the chance of becoming ill is heavily less compared to the nearest food type, Roast Lamb, with an attack rate of 62.2%. This, combined with the high attack rate of pensioners who ate the Rice Pudding Custard, signals it to be the culprit source of pathogens. The odds ratio of Rice Pudding Custard, being 5.47, is significantly greater than other food types (which are all less than 1), suggesting that the risk of becoming ill upon consumption is 5.47 times greater than if Rice Pudding weren’t consumed. Furthermore, since the P-Value is less than 0.05 for the Chicken, Ham Rice Pudding, the null hypothesis can be rejected (that the sickness is not a result of any of the food consumed). This indicates that the case of the sickness was due to the consumption of either one of, or a combination of these foods. Since the P-Value of the Roast Lamb is much greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, signifying that the consumption of the Roast Lamb was most probably not a cause of the outbreak. However, the Confidence Interval for Rice Pudding Custard lies within a 95% confidence level, further supporting the claim that the Rice Pudding Custard was the causative food source. Knowing the possible food source which triggered the outbreak, and having an idea that the causative organism behind the outbreak was B. cereus (due to the two peaks correlating to the typical symptoms), laboratory investigations were then conducted to conclude what the exact organism was. The first test conducted was inoculating each food sample onto a PEMBA plate. The results varied as to the PEMBA count (cfu/g), possibly due to experimental error. However, Rice Pudding had the highest consistent overall count, with 8.5 x106 and 7.9 x 106 cfu/g. The colonies that grew on the PEMBA plates for the Chicken, Ham and Roast Lamb were small, yellow colonies, measuring approximately 1-2mm each, indicating the possibility of Gram Positive Cocci. The Rice Pudding, however, displayed large (4-5mm), matt blue colonies with a halo of precipitate. The PEMBA isolate for the Rice Pudding were Gram Positive Rods, occurring in chains with an oval central spore. The lipid granule test was positive an d catalase positive, with motile cells. Since none of the other food types PEMBA isolates showed GPR, no further testing was conducted on Chicken, Ham and Roast Lamb. Salmonella, Enterococcus and Shigella may have been possible pathogenic causing bacteria which contributed to the outbreak. In order to eliminate or support this possibility, a Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) plate was used. Faecal swabs of the sick pensioners who had eaten a particular food type were inoculated onto the XLD media. The only differentiating outcome was the appearance of the colonies of the faecal sample from people who consumed the Rice Pudding Custard, were slightly larger than those for the other food types. No definitive conclusion can be made from this. Faecal swabs were also plated on PEMBA plates and inoculated into the XLD media. The PEMBA plates displayed small, yellow Gram Positive Cocci colonies for the Chicken, Ham Roast Lamb specimens. The Rice Pudding Custard however, displayed large, Gram Positive Rods, which appeared as large, blue, matte colonies when sub-cultured onto the PEMBA plates. This further supports the finding that B.cereus was the causat ive organism. The next step is to eliminate any possibility that the pathogen Staphylococci spp had any part to play, or to confirm that it did. To do this, the Cook’s nose swab was inoculated on Blood Agar (BA) to stablish haemolysis and on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), as a selective mechanism for salt-tolerant microorganisms such as Staphylococcus or Enterococcus. After testing, small, round, flat, ÃŽ ³ – haemolytic white colonies were seen on the Blood Agar, with the BA Isolate being Gram Positive Cocci, occurring in clusters and being catalase positive. Although this suggests the possible presence of a Staphylococci species, the MSA plate rendered small, white colonies with pink agar throughout. The pink agar confirms that the Mannitol was not fermented, which is an indicator that no Staphylococci species was present. Further proof for the non-existence of S.aureus was seen with the Latex test displaying no clumping. In order to confirm that B.cereus was the causative organism for the outbreak, further tests were conducted. These include gelatin positive, starch positive, casein negative, nitrate positive (no gas formed). The sample tested positive for Glucose VP. This means that glucose was broken down by the Rice Pudding specimen to form acetoin, and was evident through the dark red colour formed. B.cereus tested negative for the indole test, meaning it was unable to split indole from tryptophan (Wong, Chang Fan 1988). All these test results correspond with the presence of B. cereus and at this point, we are more confident that this is the causative organism. To test for purity, and to confirm that no other specimen influenced these results, a BHIA purity test was performed, which resulted with a pure result, meaning the listed test results were solely caused by the Rice Pudding Custard specimen. Through the results of the media growth and the results of the confirmatory tests conducted, it was determined that the causative food source was the Rice Pudding Custard, which contained a strain of B.cereus. This resulted through the Cook not cooking the Rice at the ideal temperature, and since the temperature used was hot enough to trigger the B.cereus to enter their vegetative state, but was not high enough to kill the B.cereus, this resulted in the widespread growth of the specimen. Accompanied with the fact that the rice was prepared the night before and the warmer environment in which the rice was kept for the period of time overnight were suitable conditions and promoted its growth, further accounts for the growth of B.cereus (Jesen et al. 2003). Outbreaks such as this could be avoided, and at least minimised if some precautions were taken by all those involved with the handling, making and consuming of foods. The following list outlines some main ways through which this can be achieved (Klietmann, W, 2002): Storage of hot food above 600C and cold food in the fridge below 40C Keeping cooked and raw food separated at all times, to avoid cross-contamination Using separate chopping boards and utensils for raw and cooked foods Improving hygiene such as washing hands before and after contact with food Utilising a heat process to destroy the vegetative cells and a rapid cooling process to prevent the spores from germinating Using appropriate cleaning and disinfection of contact surfaces of food, such as sodium hypochlorite based disinfectants Keep frozen foods frozen until used Cooked foods which won’t be consumed within an hour should be kept at temperatures below 10Â °C or above 50Â °C (Roberts, T.A) Experimental Method The main source of primary data was obtained from the questionaries. The accuracy of the answers to the questions asked has a direct influence on the results obtained, and on the findings extracted from the questionaries. Thus, if the questionnaires are completed accurately and in detail, the reliability of the results would increase and a higher potential in obtaining accurate leads as to which species were the triggers to the outbreak would be attained. However, out of the 435 pensioners who were on the cruise, only 339 questionnaires were completed and returned to the local PHU the NSW Food Authority. This leaves 96 unaccounted for pensioners, which would have aided and fastened the search for the possible trigger. These 96 absences could have been a result of the pensioners not wanting to give out personal information, not having an easy method of returning the questionnaires, and some pensioners may not have received the questionaries in the first place. This absence of 96 resp onses has a direct effect on the accuracy of the collected data from these questionnaires, as the data is only a sample of the population, and is not a complete reflection of all pensioners involved. Furthermore, more detailed questions could have been asked on the questionnaires which may have sped the process of identifying the relationship between the symptoms caused and the time of onset. Improvements with the data collection could have involved the collection of vomit and diarrhoea samples, which would have helped identify the pathogen early on in the investigation. API strips could have been used to aid in identifying the pathogen as fast as possible, as well as using advanced technological methods. Testing the venue of where the food was prepared further and analysing all possible contributions to the outbreak at the source by further investigating the cook, the staff involved, whether other foods were being prepared at the same time, the overall hygiene of the kitchen, pest related influences, and previous occurrences and whether any have occurred since. Continuous monitoring of all food preparation methods and staff involved since the occurrence will aid in preventing a reoccurrence. A stricter enforcement of an increased hygiene standard could be rolled out onto not only similar cruise companies, but also all kitchens and restaurants throughout Australia. The most feasible and economical method would be to allocate fortnightly swabs of the kitchen, staff, floors, equipment and food samples at all these food-related location, and be sent to relevant laboratories to be analysed and reported. A safety-tick program could be implemented which takes these results and businesses ca n display them, notifying customers that they conduct regular hygiene tests and have passed all tests, giving the customer piece of mind that their chances of getting food poisoning is less likely. REFERENCES Jenson, I Moir, C. J: In Foodborne Micro-organisms of Public Health Significance. A. D. Hocking et al. (editor) 6th edition. AIFST (NSW Branch) Waterloo NSW 2003. SAA: Australian Standard. Food Microbiology. Method 2.6: Examination for specific organisms – AS 1766.2.6, pp. D8-D12, 1991. Benenson AS, ed. Control of communicable diseases in man. 15th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 1990:177–8. Kho, M.F., Bellier, A., Balasubramani, V., Hu, Y., Hsu, W., Nielsen-LeRoux, C., McGillivray, S.M., Nizet, V. Aroian, R.V. 2011, The pore-forming protein Cry5B elicits the pathogenicity of Bacillus sp. against Caenorhabditis elegans, PLoS One, vol. 6, no. 12, p. e29122. Wong, H., Chang, M. Fan, J. 1988, Incidence and characterization of Bacillus cereus isolates contaminating dairy products, Applied and environmental microbiology, vol. 54, pp. 699-702. Jesen, G.B., Hansen, B.M., Eilenberg, J. Mahillon, J. 2003, The hidden lifestyles of Bacillus ceresus and relatives, Environmental microbiology, vol. 5, pp. 631-40. Roberts, T. A.; Baird-Parker, A. C.; Tompkin, R. B. (1996). Characteristics of microbial pathogens. London: Blackie Academic Professional. p.24. Klietmann, W. and Ruoff, K. 2002. Bioterrorism: Implications for the Clinical Microbiologist. Amer. Soc. Micro. 14(2):364-381.

Shakespeares Sonnets :: Sonnet essays

Shakespeare's Sonnets      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare's sonnets, as poems, have been obscured by the enormous amount of speculation, much of it unjustified, that has grown up around the problems presented by the dedication.   The following sonnet is commonly grouped with 125 others that are believed to have been written to a much admired young man, who was Shakespeare's junior in both years and social status.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The form in which the poem is written is often referred to as Shakespearean or English form.   As in most of Shakespeare's sonnets the argument proceeds by quatrains.   Each quatrain presents an idea in itself.   The poet in the first quatrain bewails his own lot; in the second contrasts that lot with other men's; in the third, thinking of his beloved friend, he rises like the lark that â€Å"sings hymns at heaven's gate†; and in the couplet his happiness is generalized in a final contrast.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the first line the poet speaks of himself as being out of luck, and/or money and not well received by his fellow man.   He has taken to crying about his social ostracism in line two.   In an attempt to clarify for himself why he is in such a state he â€Å" troubles† heaven with his â€Å"bootless† or useless cries.   But as the poet has made clear heaven turns a deaf ear and no response is forthcoming.   Again he becomes introspective and curses his fate.   This first quatrain has given us an image of a grown man â€Å"down and out† if you will, who is accepting no responsibility for his life's station.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By the second quatrain the poet has taken to wishing he were more hopeful. He wants to be more popular with his peers and he desires the literary skill, â€Å" art†, and intellectual prowess, â€Å"scope†, of other men.   It is almost humorous to think that Shakespeare, at one time, wished to be a better writer.  Ã‚   Even that which most delights the poet no longer stays the pain he is feeling.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All is not lost, however.   The third quatrain offers our poet hope.   He is almost   to the point of despising himself when suddenly salvation finds him.   By some chance he thinks of his love (be that love male or female we know not). These thoughts overwhelm him with joy.   His whole mood becomes â€Å"like the lark at break of day†.   In short, he is uplifted.   To show just how happy the poet has become he gives us a final contrast in the closing couplet.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For thy sweet love rememb'red such wealth brings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

Mang Inasal Sample Paper Essay

Numbers of employees of mang inasal – 21 employees including manager including the managers. Number of hours of operation a day – working hours, 8. Staff operation 8:00 am to 10:00 pm, on customers, 9:00 am to 8:00 am. Reasons for choosing the branch location – Since people love to spend most of their time in the mall, Problems encountered during the business operation – the manager laughs that she always encounters some problems to her subordinates, like being late at duties, some members that are hard headed, and reaction of customers that gets the wrong order and slow serving. How they see their business 5 to 10 years from now? – the manager say’s she can picture Mang Inasal being as more popular as before, growing bigger and better. Like jolibee, she sees Mang Inasal having many branches that extends internationally. Notable Experience in running the business – Reasons for having that kind of business – according to the manager, Miss Kristine Loayon, they were informed during their job seminars and orientations, the owner of mang inasal, Edgar â€Å"Injap† Sia , had a target to have a business that people will love and can be successful without a doubt. Since Filipinos love to eat, specially barbeques and Filipino dishes, then why not make food-chain business which features barbeques and pinoy foods Types of products, services offered? – Philippine cuisine Fast food, deliveries and reservations of tables only at the second floor of mang inasal ormoc branch. ECOTAXA – Introduction MANG INASAL – Philippine’s fastest growing barbeque fast food chain, serving chicken, pork barbeque and other Filipino favorites, was first established on December12,2003 in Iloilo City. Currently, there are 445 branches nationwide and with over 10,000 employees system wide. MANG INASAL is doing its share in alleviating the unemployment burden of the country. The presence of every MANG INASAL in a certain area provides not only employment but also opportunities to community members including suppliers of kalamansi, charcoal, banana leaves, vegetables, bamboo sticks, and other ingredients. It also indirectly gives income – generating activities to many. MANG INASAL is operating at the following areas: Bacolod, Iloilo, Roxas, Laguna, Bicutan, Metro Manila, Davao, Cagayan De Oro, Koronadal, Ozamiz, Iligan, Surigao, General Santos, Pagadian, Batangas, Lucena, Naga City, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Tagaytay, Palawan, Tacloban, Ilocos Sur and Tarlac. MANG INASAL is targeting to open 500 stores by 2012. Apart from the usual food presentations of multinational food company copycats, Mang Inasal endeavors to adhere to elements that bear a distinctively Pinoy stamp-grilling with charcoal, rice wrapped in banana leaves, a marinade concocted out of local spices and herbs, bamboo sticks for skewers, and the ambiance that encourages kinamot (the ilonggo term in eating with the hands) whenever chicken inasal is served. All these evoke a rush of nostalgia for tradition, culture, and most of all, Home. Mang Inasal is proud to do its share in alleviating the unemployment burden of the country. It is effectively stimulating economic activities in communities where branches are situated. Local suppliers of calamansi, charcoal, banana leaves, sorbeteros, vegetables, fish, bamboo sticks, and other ingredients, as well as LGU’s, trisikad (pedicab) drivers, and a host of other enterprises are benefited by the presence of Mang Inasal in their area. Mang Inasal has steadily grown since it offered franchising. Mang Inasal has branches in Bacolod, Iloilo, Roxas, Metro Manila, Cebu, Davao, Kalibo, Tarlac, Boracay, Antique, Mindoro, Batangas, Pampanga, General Santos, Tuguegarao, Iligan, Bulacan, Cavite, Baguio, Laguna, Panabo, Cagayan De Oro, Lucena Surigao, Palawan, Agusan Del Sur, Malabon, Zamboanga Pagadian, Koronadal, Rizal, Pangasinan, Dipolog, La Union, Ozamiz, Kabankalan As of today, Mang Inasal has 423 branches nationwide and counting. In Mang Inasal, â€Å"Pinagsikapan naming laging mabilis, laging masarap, at laging abot-kaya† so that the Pinoy can truly say, â€Å"Kumbinsing!†