Teaching Diverse Learners In Any School Environment Education Essay

principle Diverse Learners In Any School Environment tutoring EssayIn this course, youll review relevant explore, observe video discussions and classroom examples, and do activities on working with learners who ar at divers(prenominal) levels and who have contrastive accomplishment abilities and approaches. At the end of this course, you will better understand how to identify the various aspects of diversity that affect foreign language skill and be fit to develop strategies for improving the acquire of all scholarly persons in your classroom.You will partake in activities will focus on how to be a leader in your schoolho wasting disease day for diversity, how to assess diversity in your classroom, how to think critically ab protrude new ways to t all(prenominal) your curriculum, and how to engage diversity among students.teachers today gain a broad range of experiences and perspectives through working in public schools today and meet students that differ from them cul turally, linguistically, and ethnically. Creating a classroom that caters to these diverse students offers a powerful imaginativeness for them to learn more in different ways, in new environments, and with different types of people. Every single teacher in our continuously changing and diverse governance has the power to serve as an invaluable resource for all students and peers. learners will learn how to become an enabler in the classroom and in their school catering their classroom for all types of students especially because of the growing diversity in U.S. classrooms.The student will be able to implement assessment tools to utilize in your class move on classroom tips and activities through Learn best practices Create an action plan to increase diversity understanding in your school both in and out of the classroom Network with other educators who argon concerned with diversityDefine and understand disability in the United StatesDeal with conflictSet up a classroom that ca ters to diversityIncorporate all types of studentsIncorporate University Design for LearningOnline Learning with Full Instructor FacilitationOur institution maintains an online plat underframe that automatically grades student pre- and plaza-assessments, monitors their participation in the lecture, and awards them credit when they post in the discussion atomic number 18a. Instructors will monitor the progress and quality of work the students provide, including the threaded discussions, and will provide feedback and appraise the midterm and final projects.Weekly Online Lecture AssignmentsWeek 1 textual matter Reading ReadBUILDING CREATIVITY AND COLLABORATION IN DIVERSE CLASSROOMS minute Issue Educating instructors for DiversityInsensitivity to Physical, racial, or Ethnic DifferencesAnswer Questions (Open Ended)Describe the cultural, linguistic, and/or ethnic diversity in your classroom. How do you draw on this diversity to promote learning?What learning styles seem to predominate among your students (for example, auditory, optic)? How do you accommodate those learning styles?Watch Video jogs cut down 1 Bank Street College of upbringing Empowers New Teachers (This old college is teaching aspiring educators new tricks, with a focus on experiential learning, classroom immersion, and mentoring) powder store 2 10 Big Ideas for give way schoolrooms Striving to Improve Public Education (Using schoolchild examples Successful examples of key elements in improving public genteelness construe-Based Learning, Technology Integration, Integrated Studies, Cooperative Learning, worldwide Assessment, Emotional Intelligence, Teacher Preparation, Pargonnt Involvement, Community Partners, and Maximize Resources)Clip 3 CREDE Principles Applied to the Re-Invention of Teacher Preparation(Marty Alberg University of Memphis This presentation provides an overview of the application of CREDE principles at three levels 1.) The University of Memphis teacher expression classr oom 2.) Middle school classrooms in Memphis, TN through the Three Rs Program and 3.) The state of Tennessee through the Problem Based Learning component of the Tennessee Board of Regents Teaching Quality Initiative. As do CREDE?based strategies, bother?based approaches to teacher preparation engage pre?service teachers in learning opportunities that challenge their cognitive and problem solving skills promote learning through cooperation and teamwork connect teaching with real?world student experiences, skills, and educational needs and facilitate learning through meaningful, successful bodily process. Participants will experience problem? based pedagogy through sample cases developed for teacher preparation in Tennessee.)AssignmentDiscussion Board Students mustiness distrisolelye one grotesque signalize each calendar hebdomad in regards to each of the depute text edition reading and reply to a fellow students comments at least(prenominal) twice each workweek. The comme nts should relate to the literal the text reading discusses. Each comment should be at least three sentences in length. The week ends sunshine at 900 p.m.Week 2Text Reading ReadLinguistic and Cultural Diversity Building on Americas StrengthsPreparing teachers for children in destitution the Nashville district picks up the mantle for qualified teaching in high-needs schoolsSchool Leadership and Student Motivation.Answer Questions (Open Ended)If you argon familiar with the concepts of the doubled intelligences theory, what steps have you taken to incorporate them in your teaching?In multilevel classes or ones in which proficiency levels are quite varied, how have you differentiated dictation for the range of mathematical operation levels?Watch Video ClipsClip 1 Teacher and Student Education In Diversity, part 1Clip 2 Teacher and Student Education In Diversity, part 2Clip 3 UDL Guidelines in Practice Grade 5 Language Arts (A panel of UDL experts takes you wrong a diverse urba n school to show master teachers applying the principles and guidelines of UDL.)Clip 4 Best Practices through Universal Design for LearningClip 5 An Introduction to Integrated Studies (Combining academic subjects produces deeper learning and a better understanding of the inter bloods between them)AssignmentDiscussion Board Students must submit one unique comment each week in regards to each of the assigned text reading and reply to a fellow students comments at least twice each week. The comments should relate to the material the text reading discusses. Each comment should be at least three sentences in length. The week ends Sunday at 900 p.m.Week 3Text Reading ReadDIVERSITY AND COMPLEXITY IN THE CLASSROOMDisaggregated Outcomes of Gender, Ethnicity, and pauperism on Fifth Grade Science exploitEducating Students from Generational Poverty Building Blocks from A to ZFramework for Understanding PovertyAnswer Questions (Open Ended)Have you taught special needs students in your classroo m? If so, how did you suffice to the instructional challenges that they posed? In your experience, how can learning disabilities or learning differences affect learning in a foreign language classroom?What school resources have you found to be helpful when you are faced with making an accommodation that you have not had to make beforeWatch Video ClipsClip 1 Working With Students From the Culture of Poverty (In their Classroom Instruction That Works research, McREL and Robert Marzano identified nine strategies that can be applied in any learning environment and result in significantly increased student learning. When implemented consistently and correctly, these research-based strategies can provide average percentile point gains as high as 45% on student achievement tests.)Clip 2 Working With Students From the Culture of Poverty 2 (Although most educators are familiar with the Classroom Instruction That Works research, teachers still need help transferring the theory into practice. )Clip 3 Children in Americas Schools clip1 open (Poverty in the classroom)Clip 4 Children In Americas Schools clip2 Poverty (Poverty in the classroom)Clip 5 Children in Americas Schools Clip 3(Poverty in the classroom)AssignmentDiscussion Board Students must submit one unique comment each week in regards to each of the assigned text reading and reply to a fellow students comments at least twice each week. The comments should relate to the material the text reading discusses. Each comment should be at least three sentences in length. The week ends Sunday at 900 p.m.Midterm Project DueWeek 4Text Reading ReadDiversity is a Key To Reducing Racial Bias in SchoolsDiversity Reduces Racial Bias in SchoolsStrengthening Teacher-student relationshipsWatch Video ClipsClip 1 High-Performing, High-Poverty SchoolsClip 2 dispute Poverty (Some schools have over 75% of their students quick in poverty. Many students are homeless. They may find alternative hovictimization or simply couch hop with fr iends or relatives)Clip 3 Challenging Teachers (Teachers and students talk about challenges in the classroom.)Clip 4 Challenging Coursework (Students need challenging coursework to develop them for higher education. High Schools and nonprofits have programs that help lower income students prepare for college.)Clip 5 Challenging System (Minnesota used to be one of the top states in education. That is not true today. And the expectations of what education needs to provide for students futures are more challenging than ever.)Clip 6 Challenging Peers (Peers can help each other succeed or fail. Education is seen by some to be not cool. Some black students feel doing well in school is white so they dont fully participate. Sometimes students can change to a different school or find their own way to succeed.)AssignmentDiscussion Board Students must submit one unique comment each week in regards to each of the assigned text reading and reply to a fellow students comments at least twice each week. The comments should relate to the material the text reading discusses. Each comment should be at least three sentences in length. The week ends Sunday at 900 p.m.Week 5Text Reading ReadWhen teachers build relationships with studentsWatch Video ClipsClip 1 Learning on Purpose Transforming a Good School into a bulky School (Wall-to-wall career academies and a transition program for ninth graders have helped create an environment at this Texas high school in which rigorous, relevant education inside and outside of the classroom is the norm for all students.)Clip 2 Teaching Students to Work Together (Integrated curricula, team teaching, and technology tools have built up the academic achievement and self-esteem of these rural Louisiana middle school students.)Clip 3 The Key Learning Community Cultivating Multiple Intelligences (Swimming against the tide, this K-12 Indianapolis school emphasizes exploration and deep understanding over rote memorization)Clip 4 Principal Derek Pi erce on Building Relationships Between Students and Teachers (How a Portland, Maine high school made human relationships the building blocks of high student achievement.)Clip 5 Mr. D TV 1-14-10 Building Relationships With Students Mid-Year (Topic Reaching out to students you havent built a relationship with. Mr. D TV is a weekly teacher advice vlog from the author of I Want to Teach Forever (teachforever.com). )AssignmentDiscussion Board Students must submit one unique comment each week in regards to each of the assigned text reading and reply to a fellow students comments at least twice each week. The comments should relate to the material the text reading discusses. Each comment should be at least three sentences in length. The week ends Sunday at 900 p.m.Week 6Text Reading ReadDiversity in AmericaEqual is not Enough Current Issues in Inclusive Education in the Eyes of ChildrenWatch Video ClipsClip 1 Big Thinkers Howard Gardner on Multiple Intelligences (Edutopia revisits its 199 7 interview with the Harvard University professor about multiple intelligences and new forms of assessment.)Clip 2 The Key Learning Community Cultivating Multiple Intelligences (Swimming against the tide, this K-12 Indianapolis school emphasizes exploration and deep understanding over rote memorization. )Clip 3 Multiple Intelligences Leave No Child Behind (Edutopia revisits Indianapoliss Key Learning Community to see how things have changed since our first look in 2001)Clip 4 Diversity in Teach For America (Listen as corps members reflect on the importance of bringing diverse perspectives and backgrounds into the classroom.)Clip 5 Teach For America Alums ReflectAssignmentDiscussion Board Students must submit one unique comment each week in regards to each of the assigned text reading and reply to a fellow students comments at least twice each week. The comments should relate to the material the text reading discusses. Each comment should be at least three sentences in length. The we ek ends Sunday at 900 p.m. last Project DueDiscussion BoardStudents must submit one unique comment each week in regards to each of the assigned text reading and reply to a fellow students comments at least twice each week. The comments should relate to the material the text reading discusses. Each comment should be at least three sentences in length. The week ends Sunday at 900 p.m. Pacific Daylight TimeIf a student works ahead during the six week course they should still post all(prenominal) week for the automatic scoring software to count the postings.Students are reminded to check the announcement section of the discussion board frequently for items of interest from the faculty.Students are also reminded to use the email, not the discussion board, to ask questions or make comments directed to their facilitator.Methods of instruction Percentage of Course CreditVideo Lectures 20% school text/Articles Readings 10%Midterm project 25% concluding project 30%Discussion Board interactio n (weekly submissions) 10%Participation 5%Grading criteria/ governing body and evaluation activitiesA faculty member will be reviewing students answers and providing feedback. Students will be evaluated on their creativity and ability to incorporate techniques from the lecture into the discussion board, research papers, examples, lesson plans and teacher work samples.University Grading CriteriaGrade Equivalent97-100% A+93-96% A90-92% A-87-89% B+83-86% B80-82% B-77-79% C+73-76% C70-72% C-69% or below UAttendance/ParticipationIt is expected that students will attend all instructional sessions, complete all required activities, and field denominations.Students who do not post in the discussion area during the first week of class AND do not notify the instructor in advance will be dropped from the course and may be charged a course drop fee.University Computer Lab/Library ServicesPlease refer to Section VI in the Student Handbook.Disability ServicesPlease refer to Section VII in the St udent Handbook.Due dates of major assignments and projectsMidterm Project Due Date TBAFinal Project Due Date TBAMidterm ProjectDesign for InstructionTWS Standard 4The teacher designs instruction for unique(predicate) learning goals, student characteristics and needs, and learning contexts.TaskDescribe how you will design your unit instruction related to unit goals, students characteristics and needs, and the specific learning context.PromptResults of pre-assessment. After administering the pre-assessment, analyze student performance relative to the learning goals. Depict the results of the pre-assessment in a format that allows you to find patterns of student performance relative to each learning goal. You may use a table, graph, or chart. Describe the pattern you find that will guide your instruction or modification of the learning goals.Unit overview. Provide an overview of your unit. Use a visual organizer such as a block plan or outline to make your unit plan disentangle. Incl ude the topic or activity you are planning for each day/period. Also indicate the goal or goals (coded from your Learning Goals section) that you are addressing in each activity. Make sure that every goal is addressed by at least one activity and that every activity relates to at least one goal.Activities. Describe at least three unit activities that reflect a variety of instructional strategies/techniques and explain why you are planning those specific activities. In your explanation for each activity, involvehow the content relates to your instructional goal(s),how the activity stems from your pre-assessment information and contextual factors,what materials/technology you will need to implement the activity, andhow you plan to assess student learning during and/or next the activity (i.e., formative assessment).Technology. Describe how you will use technology in your planning and/or instruction. If you do not plan to use any form of technology, provide your befool rationale for its omission.Suggested Page Length 3 + visual organizerDesign for InstructionRubricTWS StandardThe teacher designs instruction for specific learning goals, student characteristics and needs, and learning contexts.Rating Indicator 1Indicator Not Met2Indicator Partially Met3Indicator MetScore confederation with Learning GoalsFew lessons are explicitly linked to learning goals. Few learning activities, assignments and resources are aligned with learning goals. Not all learning goals are covered in the design.Most lessons are explicitly linked to learning goals. Most learning activities, assignments and resources are aligned with learning goals. Most learning goals are covered in the design.All lessons are explicitly linked to learning goals. All learning activities, assignments and resources are aligned with learning goals. All learning goals are covered in the design.Accurate Representation of ContentTeachers use of content shape ups to contain numerous inaccuracies. Content seems to be viewed more as isolated skills and facts sort of than as part of a larger conceptual structure.Teachers use of content appears to be mostly accurate. Shows some awareness of the big ideas or structure of the discipline.Teachers use of content appears to be accurate. Focus of the content is congruent with the big ideas or structure of the discipline.Lesson and Unit StructureThe lessons within the unit are not logically organized organization (e.g., sequenced).The lessons within the unit have some logical organization and appear to be somewhat useful in moving students toward achieving the learning goals.All lessons within the unit are logically organized and appear to be useful in moving students toward achieving the learning goals.Use of a garland of Instruction, Activities, Assignments and ResourcesLittle variety of instruction, activities, assignments, and resources. Heavy reliance on textbook or single resource (e.g., work sheets).Some variety in instruction, activities, as signments, or resources but with limited contribution to learning.Significant variety across instruction, activities, assignments, and/or resources. This variety makes a clear contribution to learning.Use of Contextual Information and Data to look at Appropriate and Relevant Activities, Assignments and ResourcesInstruction has not been designed with reference to contextual factors and pre-assessment data. Activities and assignments do not appear productive and appropriate for each student.Some instruction has been designed with reference to contextual factors and pre-assessment data. Some activities and assignments appear productive and appropriate for each student.Most instruction has been designed with reference to contextual factors and pre-assessment data. Most activities and assignments appear productive and appropriate for each student.Use of TechnologyTechnology is inappropriately used OR teacher does not use technology, and no (or inappropriate) rationale is provided.Teache r uses technology but it does not make a significant contribution to teaching and learning OR teacher provides limited rationale for not using technology.Teacher integrates appropriate technology that makes a significant contribution to teaching and learning OR provides a strong rationale for not using technology.Final ProjectLesson Planning ActivityThe project will consist of constructing, implementing, and evaluating a lesson plan that incorporates diversity in the classroom. The student should include strategies and techniques emphasized in the course.The assignment should contain the following informationA description of the classroom environment (e.g. grade level, student/teacher ratio, race if known, ELL, etc.)The proposed lesson plan, incorporating strategies and techniques emphasized in the KDS video presentations.The craved or expected outcome of following the new lesson plan.An evaluation of the lesson plan and its effect on student learning, attitude, etc. Did the results match your expected outcome? wherefore or why not? How do you know?The assignment should be a total of 5-7 pages in length and include 3-5 references.Use APA formatUse the standard Cover Page and submit to your course facilitator.All assignments are done in 12 pt. Times New Roman font and in APA, 5th Edition format.Add a Reference page that lists items of the authors works cited in your document. Use APA format for the items.Scoring Rubric for AssignmentTotal evaluate 100 Points (25% of final course grade)Content of Paper -Value 70 points Copy of your lesson plan, your reflections.Quality of Writing Value 20 points Written work shows superior polish quality in verbal expression, attention to detail, and correct application of the conventions of the side language. In students written work, paragraphing is appropriate with clear thesis statements and supporting details. Sentences are clear and concise. Students vary sentence structure making use of subordinate clauses. Transiti onal words and phrases are used effectively. Points and ideas are well organized. Word choice is effective. English language conventions are applied correctly (i.e. spelling, capitalization, punctuation, agreement, pronoun usage, sentence structure).Format Value 10 points Cover Page, Reference Page and where applicable, citations and references are used correctly and consistently, with clear efforts made to include a wide range of relevant works. For any work requiring citations, students refer to a wide range of suitable sources. All non superior ideas are cited correctly and referenced in a reference list. All works in the reference list are cited in the text. Studentsshould follow the written material format and style as required by the APA Publication Manual, 5th Edition.

Analysis of UK Basic Chemicals Company

Analysis of UK Basic Chemicals CompanyBASIC CHEMICALS IN UK ANALYSISHEADLINESThe market size of underlying chemicals in UK has declined to GBP12,422 million preserve a decline of 2.6% in 2013 due to lower sales to manufacturers of plastic and synthetic rubber in primary formReach regulation tightened in 2013 limiting competition of non-EU companies in UKProfit margin declines to a record low of 3% preventing payoff working out in UKShale shooter re master(prenominal)s an bingle for basic chemicals producers in UKUK basic chemicals industry is matured. It is expected to grow at CAGR of 0.7% during 2013-2019MARKET TRENDSThe market size of basic chemicals in UK has declined to GBP12,422 million recording a decline of 2.6% in 2013. Contraction of the industry was driven by falling revenues from plastics in primary forms, household cleaning and personal cargon, photochemicals and explosive, as well as pharmaceuticals segments.Purchases of basic chemicals by plastic in primary forms and synthetic rubber industry declined by 23% to GBP1,360 million. The plastics industry in UK was having trouble competing with producers abroad as over translate in the world settled-in. UK producers do not have access to cheap raw materials. Consequently, production of plastics and rubber in primary form declined by 23% in UK during 2013 negatively reflecting on revenues of basic chemical industry.Household cleaning and personal tutorship producers reduced their purchases of basic chemicals by 15% in UK during 2013 as turnover of household cleaning and personal care products at constant prices declined by 5.1%. Declining prices of differentiation chemicals caused by increasing competition from China was the main reason of lower sales.Competition from abroad is limited by high infrastructure barriers for certain products. Currently ethylene production is concentrated in Grangem step uph, Mossmorran and Wilton, UK and in that location is a network of 8 pipelines connecting majo r producers and consumers in UK. It is in addition proposed to connect ethylene network with Rotterdam. Potentially increasing imports if competition kicks-in.As of June, 2013 the regulation of chemicals in EU territory became stricter based on REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances) regulation. The requirement to register chemicals manufactured or intended to import into EU in quantities greater than 100 tons per year forces companies to register within ECA (European Chemicals Agency). Registration within ECA results in higher cost as extensive explore to confirm their safety is needed.Imports were pushed out as local producers were fitted to win-back their market share. Though market of basic chemicals in UK contracted by just 2.6% during 2013 only if imports of basic chemicals declined by 25%. Imports made 63% of the basic chemicals market in 2013 in comparison to 81% in 2012. Local producers were pushing out imports of hydrocarb ons, oxygen-function compounds and other organic chemicals as their import declined by 31%.PRODUCTION TRENDSDespite declining markets, production of basic chemicals was booming recording an 11% ontogeny in 2013. The growth was driven by hydrocarbons, oxygen-function compounds and other organic chemicals expansion as the segment was winning back market share from imports.As competition in hydrocarbons, oxygen-function compounds and other organic chemicals got tense world-wide, domestic producers chose to compete in local market let downting down segment exports by 20% and total basic chemicals export by 17%.Cost pressure to the basic chemicals industry declined. Total be related to basic chemicals increase by 12% in UK during. However, cost per unit of produce declined by 5% as turnover at constant prices increased by 17%.As production of hydrocarbons soared, costs related to refined petroleum products by 17% in 2013. The rise in costs in relation to growth in production at consta nt prices is related to increased share of basic chemicals manufactured from oil products as PPI of refined petroleum products decreased by 5%.Purchases of gas has increased by 21% due to 9.4% rise in prices for industrial uses. Increase in production of hydrocarbons drove the purchases of gas upwards as well. The gas supply is well diversified with most of the gas coming from domestic supplies and Norway.Electricity costs increased by 20% in production of basic chemicals in UK during 2013. Mostly it was related to increased production in quantity though, electricity price rose by 2.6% for industrial users in UK during 2013. UKs electricity generating capacities are outdated and plants one by one are turned off. Investments are increasing consequently raising electricity wholesale price.Despite an 11% growth in production, profits declined by 21% to GBP284 million in 2013. Profit margin has declined to a record low of 3% as producers were not able to cut costs at same amount as pro ducer prices decreased by 5.7% in 2013. Low profitability repelled new companies and prevents the industry from expansion in the next couple years.COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPEEconomies of scale is a major drive force in the industry. Though 27 companies with over 250 employees grade less than 2% of companies in the industry, they generated 90% of turnover in 2013 as costs. Largest companies in the industry were Ineos Group Ltd, BP Aromatics Ltd, BASF Plc, Air Products Group Ltd and Croda International Plc.Ineos Group Ltd, a UK-based subordinate of Ineos AG, manufactures petrochemicals, specialty chemicals and oil products as polymers, chlorvinyls, ethanol, esters, ammonia and nitric acids, plastics, melamines, pnenols, oligomers, olefines, oxides and styrenics. The attach to sold its INEOS ChlorVinyls divission of chlorine business to 2M Group Ltd that operated in UK in August, 2013. Ineos Group also acquired a powerplant from Fortum in Grangemouth, UK in October, 2014 for GBP54 million .BP Aromatics Ltd is a UK-based subsidiary of BP Plc engaged in manufacture of purified terephthalic acid, acetic acid and olefins and derivatives that are derived from crude oil or cancel gas. The company opened a brand-new bioethanol plant in Hull, UK in July, 2013 that cost GBP350 million.BASF Plc is a UK-based subsidiary of BASF SE. The company operates under 6 business segments chemicals, plastics, executing products, functional solutions, agricultural as well as oil and gas. The chemicals segment is further divided into inorganics, petrochemicals and intermediates divisions. in January, 2013 the company completed acquisition of Pronova BioPharma. In 2014, the company sold its styrolution divission to Ineos as well as began building ammonia plant in Texas, US together with Yara.Air Products Group Ltd is a multinational subsidiary of Air Products Chemicals Inc, which divides its busines into 4 divisions gases, chemicals, equipment and services solutions. Air Products Group Lt d and Oman Oil Co have signed a joint venture that entrust provide full(a) range of industrial gases in Oman in December, 2013.Croda International Plc is a multinational company engaged in manufacture of natural based speciality chemicals consumer care which consists of global businesses in personal care, health care and crop care as well as Industrial Specialities which comprises home care, base oleochemicals, additives for polymers, polymers and coatings, lubricants and lubricant additives, and touch on vegetable oils. The company has manufacturing facilities throughout the UK and mainland Europe, North and South America, India, Singapore, South Korea, Indonesia and Japan. Croda has invested GBP12 million in April, 2013 in new manufacturing facility in East Yorkshire, UK for processing specialty acrylic-based polymers. The company acquired Sipo to boost its presence in emerging markets in September, 2013.PROSPECTSUK basic chemicals industry is matured. It is expected to grow at CAGR of 0.7% during 2013-2019. The growth will be strongest in bases, gases and other inorganics of 2.5% CAGR during same period. The growth will be hold back by increasing overproduction in world market.Prices of most basic chemicals will continue to be on decline in 2014. It is expected that the price of inorganic and organic chemicals will continue to decline in UK by up to 10% due to sluggish demand in EU and increasing oversupply globally in 2014. Meanwhile, organic chemicals prices should decline by up to 4% in France in 2014 as production continues to increase in N. America with further rapid decline in 2015 as oil and gas prices collapse.Shale gas revolution in US is causing a major headache for UK basic chemicals producers as UK manufacturers have to pay up to 3 times more for gas than US producers. Consequently, producers in N. America are increasing production capacity and might further pressure prices of hydrocarbon-based chemicals down.UK shale gas reserves are estima ted in the midst of 2.8 and 39.9 trillion cubic metres. Though it remains unclear how much of it is technical extractable. Exploration of shale gas and its extraction is a slow-going process in UK but if prospered it could give a boost to basic chemicals marketElectricity price most likely will continue to rise as demand of enthronement increases. Currently, the generation capacities and grid is outdated and a third of power plants are projected to be shut down by 2015. Consequently, investments and price of wholesale electricity should increase deteriorating UK industrys competitiveness.Recent events in Ukraine and Russia pose little threat to supply of gases in UK as 73% of it is supplied by domestic production and Norway. Qatar supplies another 12% and only 15% of gas that is supplied by Belgium and Netherlands might be redirected from Russia. Though price issue remains if supply struggles in Continental Europe, prices of gas might increase. However, supply issues in continent al Europe could boost basic chemicals export from UK as producers in other countries might have to cut production.Tightening REACH regulation creates barriers of imports of mostly specialty chemicals as extensive and costly research is required before chemicals are approved by ECA for mete out and use in EU. As EU companies tend to have higher market share they gain competitive advantage in distributing their overhead costs in comparison to non-EU producers.

Examining Qualitative and Quantitative studies with CASP

Examining Qualitative and Quantitative studies with CASPCritical Appraisal Skills Programme/CASP (Public Health Resource Unit, 2007) a reader should equip with in order to prove sense of scientific look into. The CASP is to sustain a reader develops critical skills so as to be sensitive of scientific look into and, therefore, to think reasonably round any(prenominal) search encountered (Public Health Resource Unit, 2007). Both quantitative and qualitative explorees give the sack be appraised by using the CASP. Each of the CASP guidelines has ten questions in which validity, relevance and results of appraised interrogation have been covered. This assignment has been divided into two parts. The first part quantitative paper written by Ho et al, (2006) will be appraised. The trice part qualitative paper written by Liu and Liehr (2009) will then be appraised. All findings will be additionmarized finally.1. Did the plain ask a clear focused question?PICOT is used for answer ing the question 1 and it is a framework that healthc be professionals tummy use to formulate effective clinical questions in a step-by-step manner (Melnyk Fine step to the fore-Overholt, 2010). The population of the study was all the subjects should have one tattoo at least. 120 Chinese subjects with 144 tattoos were recruited for the study. The intervention of the study was half of the subjects were applied Contractubex gel while others were applied nothing. The purpose to do so was to check the efficacy of the gel. The comparison of the study was study and control themes are used for comparison as a result of finding out the efficacy of Contractubex gel. The outcome of the study was the gel should be effective in obstructing scarring later the subjects receiving laser removal of tattoos. The research has shown that the number of subjects in Contractubex separate with scarring were significantly lower than in control group. The time of the study was the treated areas were a ssessed 3 months after the closing curtain treatments. In short, the research has asked a clearly focused question- Use of onion extract, heparin, allantoin gel in prevention of scarring in Chinese patients having laser removal of tattoos a prospective randomized controlled visitation. So the answer is Yes.2. Was this a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and was it appropriately so?A type of scientific experiment or so commonly used in validating the effectiveness of health issue, say, pharmaceuticals (e.g. gel), can be regarded as RCT (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). It involves the random allocation of different interventions to the subjects. Furthermore, as long as the come of subjects are adequate, randomization is an effective method to produce a random and unpredictable sequence of allocations. Regarding to the Ho et al (2006) research, they must adopt RCT. both evidences can be shown to support my stance. First, it was testing the efficacy of Contractubex gel intervention (healt h issue) provided by doctors to subjects with tattoo. Second, the 120 subjects were randomly assigned to either Contractubex or influence group at equal probabilities. In suitability, it was the right research approach for the researched question because it was going to compare result after receiving Contractubex gel with a control group. In short, RCT is the appropriate method and correct approach to conduct this research, as there were two groups that were allocated randomly, the study group received intervention and the control group did not receive intervention and the answer is Yes.3. Were participants appropriately allocated to intervention and control groups?The answer is Yes. Answer of question 2 has mentioned that the 120 subjects were allocated into the two groups randomly. In research term, get along randomization has been adopted. Complete randomization means each tattooed subject was randomly assigned to either of the groups. It is simple and optimal in the sense of v alidity to prevent accidental bias (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). In randomization procedure, the researchers adopted fifty-fifty basis allocation (60 subjects in Contractubex group and 60 subjects in Control group). In this research stratification can be observed. Stratification means developing strata for sampling (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). 60 subjects in control group and 60 subjects in study group is a typical example of stratification. The purpose to do so is that since most statistical tests, say, the paired students t test are most reliable when the groups world compared have equal subjects (Gallin Ognibene, 2007), it is desirable for the randomization procedure to generate similarly-sized groups. In short, as all participants were assigned to Contractubex and Control groups appropriately.4. Were participants, staff and study personnel screenland to participants study group?The above parties understood the details of the research. Ho et al (2006) paper mentioned that informed co nsent was obtained from all subjects. Informed consent is a serve of communication between a subject and doctor that results in the subjects authorization or agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention (Berg et al, 2001). On the one hand, blinded research can avoid bias. However, it is impossible for some treatments. For example, treatments where active participation of the subjects are necessary (e.g. regularly receiving laser therapy with the application of the gel). In research personnel, certainly they understood the details of the research, for instance, employing Q-switched laser systems as well as its spot size and repeat rate and pulse duration. They were unable to carry out the research successfully otherwise. Nonetheless, whether the control group received placebo gel and the assessor of the scars knew the research details or not did not mention. In brief, open trial (the above parties understood the details of the treatment) instead of blind trial was employed and the answer seems No.5. Were all of the participants who entered the trial accounted for at its conclusion?Originally, there were 60 subjects in the control group and 60 subjects in the study group. However, there were 8 out of 60 subjects in the study group quitted the research. 5 out of 8 simply defaulted follow-up and 3 out of 8 stopped using the gel collectible to adverse effect. In the control group, there were 5 out of 60 subjects quitted the research. 4 out of 8 simply did not follow-up and 1 out of 8 stopped using the gel due to have a baby. Although, there were a few subjects quitting from the research due to personal affairs, the groups size still re importanted similar (52 in Contractubex and 55 in Control groups) and the researchers have already reported such discrepancy. In other words, intention to treat was used as it is a scheme for the analysis of RCT that compares subjects in the groups to which they were sooner randomly assigned (Gallin Ognibene, 2007) and the answer is Yes.6. Were the participants in all groups followed up and data collected in the same way?In the former, the subjects were followed up from 13 to 20 months with a mean of 15.5 + 2.6 months. The magnificence of the follow up was to review the probability of scar formation after applying the gel. Likely, the research personnel followed up the subjects after the last laser treatment. However, the same amount of attention to the subjects from the research personnel becomes questionable because the researchers did not describe how to review the subjects. More elaborately, how much time the researchers spend on each subject for review? In sum total, performance bias may occur. For instance, if research personnel know which group subjects are in, they may treat subjects otherwise (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). In this aspect, cant tell seems appropriate. In the latter, Yes in terms of data collection in the same way, the researchers should collect the data during clinical post ing. clinical observation is the research personnel directly observe any changes during the study period and then record the changes. Data analysis can be done by using statistical software (e.g. SAS). In short, the answers were Yes in the way of data collection only. The amount of attention to the subjects needs the research personnel further clearing otherwise performance bias may be suspected.7. Did the study have enough participants to minimize the play of chance?The meaning of the play of chance can be explained by the following example, taking a comparison of the Contractubex group with the control group in which 4 subjects scar formation with the Contractubex group and 6 subjects scar formation with the control group. It would be incorrect to conclude that the Contractubex group was better than the Control group. It is because if the comparison was repeated, the numbers of subjects who formed scar might be same (5 against 5). However, 7 subjects scar formation with the gel a nd 16 subjects without the gel, chance becomes a less likely explanation for the difference. In Ho et al (2006) study, numbers of subjects were enough to lessen the play of chance. Sample size can be determined by a formula by inputting population size and agency level as well as margin of error and response distribution. On the one hand, significant difference between the two groups was observed. Power computer science can facilitate the research personnel determines how large of a sample the research personnel needs to make precise statistical conclusions (Gallin Ognibene, 2007). Therefore, statistical conditional relation was the robust evidence to prove the play of chance impossible.8. How are the results presented and what is the main result and9. How precise are these results?Comparison of the intervention and control groups using the p-value has been presented. The main finding was that the application of the gel was multipurpose to prevent scar formation after laser rem oval of tattoos. In accuracy of the results, p-value 10. Were all important outcomes considered so the results can be applied?The research proved that the gel was effective, safe, and easy to apply in the prevention of scarring in Chinese subjects having laser removal of tattoos. Nonetheless, carbon% scar removal is not guaranteed after using the gel. The results revealed that there were a few subjects who still have scarring. In addition, permanent hypopigmentation and transient hyperpigmentation can be noted. On the other hand, you may argue that the results may be affected by a political factor, that is a pressure from the pharmaceutical company, Ho et al (2006) have indicated that no significant interest with commercial supporters at the beginning of the research. In short, the research provides a reliable reference to healthcare professionals that the gel is recommended to be used in dark skin patients receiving laser treatments of tattoos.Ten questions have been answered to h elp me make sense of quantitative research. Also, ten questions are used to help me make sense of qualitative research. Qualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described as ethnographic, naturalistic, field, or participant observer research. It underscores the importance of looking at variables in the natural setting in which they are found (Sliverman, 2004).1. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research?Qualitative PICOT is a framework that healthcare professionals can use to formulate effective clinical questions in a step-by-step manner (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2010).The population of the study was the six nurses who had experiences in taking care of SARS patients. The issue of the study was identifying instructive messages to guide nursing practice in future epidemics by in-depth interview of the six Chinese nurses who cared for SARS patients. The context of the study was where the study takes place. The research mainly takes place in Beijing. The outcome of the study was the research gave specific direction to enhance potency for a well-prepared nursing workforce in future epidemics. The time of the study was the SARS outbreaks between 11/2002-5/2004 and data were collected in 2003 within the tercet months following the nurses quarantine necessitated by caring for SARS patients.. In brief, the answer is Yes.2. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate?Qualitative research is to study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. It is intended to penetrate to the deeper significance that the subject of the research ascribes to the topic macrocosm researched (Denzin, 2005). Interviews, observations and case studies are commonly used for data collection and then analyse the data. Samples are usually small and are often selected purposively. Qualitative research uses detailed descriptions from the participants as ways of e xamining specific issues under study. The research method employed by the researchers was appropriate because the following criteria were matched- detailed description instead of statistical software were used and number of participants was quite small- only six. In addition, the researchers adopted phenomenology. The phenomenological approach is to describe accurately a persons lived experience in relation to what is cosmos studied (i.e. the six Chinese nurses caring for SARS patients) (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In short, the answer is Yes.3. Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research?Appropriate method (i.e. in-depth interview) for conducting the research was used. In-depth interview is a kind of qualitative research technique that involves conducting intensive individual interviews (i.e. the six nurses) with a small number of respondents to explore their views on a particular idea (i.e. sharing in caring SARS patients). In the study, the researchers as ked participants or so their experiences and insights regarding to the caring for SARS patients, the thoughts they have concerning nursing care, challenge, and outcomes as well as about any changes the participants perceive in themselves as a result of their involvement in the study (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In addition, rich contextual information can be obtained and the research personnel can ask the six nurses to elaborate their sharing in details through the in-depth interview. So the answer is Yes4. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research?Six nurses were invited to share their experiences in caring for SARS patients. The six nurses were no objections and voluntary to share their encounter after enquired by research personnel. In other words, a reader should not suspect their willingness of participation. The recruitment strategy was appropriate, because if reward- base (e.g. bonus to interviewees) and compulsory-based recruitment were offered to pot ential interviewees, the accuracy and reliability of data should be suspected. To achieve the aims of the research, nurses were voluntary to share their stories and they provided detailed descriptions with little prompting were important to the aims of the research. In other words, it starts with a purpose in mind and the sample is selected to imply interested party (i.e. nurses with experience in caring of SARS patients) and exclude those who do not suit the purpose and purposive sampling was used (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). So the answer is Yes.5. Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue?To collect data, a storypath approach was used. Research personnel save what the six nurses presented by a tape recorder. Seven inquiry phases were associated with storypath approach, including gathering the story, reconstructing the story, connecting it to the literature, naming the complicating challenge, describing the story plot, identifying movement toward resolving, and gathering additional stories (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In application, specific questions were asked by the research personnel, for instance, challenge the nurses were facing during caring for SARS victims, how the experience influence your hopes and dreams in the coming future. The data collection methods must observe the ethical principles of research. In short, the answer is Yes.6. Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered?This research paper mentioned that the stories of the six nurses were collected by two Chinese investigators, It was hard to say that any potential bias and influence occurred because the research personnel simply mentioned that they were responsible for gathering the stories from the participants and supporting activities, say, properly use of tape recording. Apparently, the relationship between the research personnel and participants were nothing, but participants may be influenced by the research team or in profes sional term- reflexivity. Reflexivity requires an awareness of the researchers contribution to the construction of meanings end-to-end the research movement, and an acknowledgment of the impossibility of remaining outside of the six nurses while conducting research. In short, the answer of this question is Yes.7. Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? viva voce consent is a kind of ethical issue. Kozier et al, 2004 define the consent is an essential part of the research process, and as such entails more than obtaining a signature on a form (Kozier et al, 2004). Research personnel must educate potential subjects to ensure that they can reach a real informed choice about whether or not to participate in the research. Consent must be given freely and with no coercion as well as based on a clear understanding of what participation involves. On the one hand, the above study has been approved by the Universitys ethics committee. The committee is responsible for reviewing, on request, ethical or moral questions that may come up during the study. In brief, the answer is Yes.8. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous?In-depth description of the analysis process was shown in Liu Liehr (2009) paper. The authors described every phase elaborately and in step-by-step pattern. There were total 5 phases of the message analysis for the nurses caring for SARS patients. The content shared by the six nurses was similar because of geographical reason and the consistent format of the interview. Such arrangement provided convincing analysis to a reader. In fact, thematic analysis was employed by the researchers. It means focuses on identifiable themes (i.e. sharing of nursing care of SARS patients) and data is analysed by theme. This type of analysis is extremely inductive, that is, the themes emerge from the data and are not imposed upon it by the research personnel (Denzin Lincoln, 2005). In short, the answer is Yes.9. Is there a clear statement of findings?I t is watch crystal clear that there were three core qualities (personal challenge, essence of care and self-growth) the researchers found. Each tint was described in-details with concrete example of the original words from the six nurses. In addition, instructive messages for guidance during future epidemics were also provided. The findings were highly related to the research question. In brief, a clear statement of the findings was clear and evidences were provided to support each quality the answer is Yes.10. How valuable is the research?The researchers discovered three core qualities and instructive messages regarding to SARS patients caring. Such discovery greatly increases preparedness by attending the messages including organize support, disease/protection-related information systems and the power of military spirit. Maybe the above components can be further researched so as to obtain greater improvements. In addition to enhance preparedness and identify new areas where res earches are necessary, the findings are universal applicable. Healthcare frontline staff may face the problems when caring for SARS patients, say, lack of resources. Clinical leader may find the importance of structured support and collaborative spirit to relieve the staff pressure. In short, the value of this research is valuable.ConclusionTo sum up, the CASP guidelines can appraise both quantitative and qualitative researches. The guidelines include ten questions in which provide comprehensive evaluation of the above studies. The guidelines are particular useful in appraising health and social researches. Furthermore, the CASP guidelines aim to enable readers to develop the skills to find out and make sense of research evidence, helping them to put cognition into practice. (Word count 3212)

Position Paper On Heroes -- Argumentative Persuasive Hero

Position Paper on HeroesOn September 11th 2001, New York City, Washington D.C., and Somerset County, Pennsylvania all told came fount to face with an un debateable tragedy. When the emergency response teams were sent out to the sites, they had no idea what they were going to experience. They helped others to safety and then turned right sand around to help someone else. These are Americas real heroes. As The United States changes because of these tragic events, the focus of our heroes should be placed on free-and-easy people and not sports and movie stars.A hero should be someone who unselfishly does something for someone else, regardless of danger. Marylyn Schwartz wrote this in the Houston Chronicle on Monday, October 8, 2001. Do sports stars face much danger to make a touchdown, goal, homerun, etc.? Not really. They may face the danger of breaking bones or getting some beautiful nasty bruises, but thats about it. All too often these are the people that children look to as a h eroic figure. Little boys think Mark McGwire, Sammy Sosa, and Barry Bonds are some of the greatest people ever born. Granted that they all performed an amazing feat, but that makes them no more qualified to obtain the side of heroic. Little girls are looking to Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, and Christina Alguilera as role models and sources of encouragement. They should be looking at the women who put their life on the line as police officers and peacekeepers. A local hero died early Saturday ...

Cold Fusion Essay -- essays research papers

Cold Fusion The Continuing MysteryIn March of 1989, a discovery was do that rocked the scientific world. Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischman had announced that they were able to create and sustain a dust-covered fusion process. After intense media attention, and corresponding interest in hereafter test, the subject seemed to have faded away. Future tests proved inconclusive, and when the quick promise of easy energy didnt materialize, most quickly forgot the subject. Little is said somewhat the continuing research in the scientific community to further our understanding of the free energy enigma. Is it science fiction, on the border of legitamete science, or is it a interoperable field worthy of serious attention? Cold Fusion is the merging of two dissimilar metal hydrides. The process is exothermic, and can generate energy in one of two ways. Energy can be input in to a system and multiplied, or energy alone can be generated although in a much smaller marrow. For example, one watt of energy can be input and 3 watts recovered. Some systems are capable of producing hundreds of watts per individual watt. The literal physics of the reaction is not completely understood. Some claim it is merely a chemical reaction not yet understood, while others are convert it is a nuclear reaction. One example is a cold fusion cell which used .04 grams of metal hydride. It produced 86 megajoules over a two calendar month period. A similar chemical reaction would have required 2,000 grams of chemicals to produce the same amount of energy. Another interesting point regarding this cell was the fact it had to be deliberately shut down. There was no sign of the reaction tapering off. The skepticism regarding cold fusion stems from two separate studies, one done by MIT, and the other by the Energy Resources Advisory Board. The MIT take aim has been palled by attacks on the methods used to present the information. The chief science writer at the Institute denounced the study an d resigned. The report contained altered graphs and an unclear method. The ERAB report was inconclusive, but presented to congress in a such a way as to present all of the negatives in order to maintain funding for their existed programs, instead of transferring research money to others.Numerous labs across the... ...clear reaction at all. Some think that the process is merely a chemical reaction not yet understood by todays laws of chemistry. This presents numerous gray areas in the understanding of the reactions taking place in the experiments. If indeed it is a chemical reaction then there is some flaw in our understanding of chemical reactions. The lack of nuclear byproducts when in surmise there should be lends strong credence to this belief though. Only continued experimentation and new exploration will help explain the mystery.The use of cold fusion would be a boon to mankind. Its use would solve all energy delimmas currently facing the petroleum dependant modern society. ejection of pollution, economy, and ready availability of raw materials would be a tremendous improvement over todays combustion engines and chemical cells. More so than all other alternative energy source, cold fusion presents a source that is truly renewable and, if it lives up to its hypothesis, a large enough amount of power. No other means to date has proven its practical use on a large scale. Cold fusion could be the solution to the problems of global warming and pollution.

At Cooloola Essay -- English Literature Essays

At CooloolaAt Cooloola is a lyrical poem written by a well recognized Australian poet, Judith Wright. This poem creatively describes a beautiful scene of nature. The poet uses highly descriptive language and a diverse range of poetic devices to engage the reader into imagining a picture of how nonviolent and serene this exquisite the scenery is down by Lake Cooloola. Underlying the subject matter is the implied theme that the lake is under threat from conquering people who will not protect its dust coat shores of sand, plumreed and paperbark. This poem reflects Judith Wrights concern for our special and unique flora and fauna, how fortunate we are to have stunning scenery, how easily mankind squeeze out destroy it, and our need to appreciate it. This poem portrays the unfortunate incident that occurred at Lake Cooloola due to white settlement. This tragic poem captures the essence of the peaceful partnership the wildlife shares with the land. go on clean sand among prints of bird and animal This illustrates the tranquil scene before the massacre of the Aboriginal people took place. The invaders feet will scuff in nets there and his blood be thinned by fears This quote from the poem found in stanza three describes how after many years of the invasion, white people started to feel sorry and remorseful for the impact which white settlement had on Aborigines. This relates to Judith Wrights concern for the Aboriginal people and the land which human settl...

The Use of Force :: essays research papers

The specify in "The Use of Force" is very unprofessional. He describes the longanimous in a very incorrect centering. The doctor also abhors the way the parents of the patient referred to him. And the doctor treats the patient aggressively.From the moment the doctor enters the house. He introduces the girl to us in an infatuated sense. He apothegm her as a "very attractive little thing" and he described her to have "magnificent blonde hair one of those picture children frequently reproduced in advertising leaflets and the photogravure sections of the Sunday papers." Throughout the process of the examination we see that he "had already fallen in love with the savage brat. The doctor forces the examination on the girl for the sense of self-enjoyment. As he said, "it was a pleasure to attack her."The doctor seemed very unprofessional when he detested the way the mother, referred to him. When the mother told her daughter that he is a nice man an d that he wont hurt her, he became very impatient and mad. This is very ironic because all parents unremarkably tell their kids that doctors are nice people. Why did he become angry with that comment? Ironically enough, doctors are supposed to be nice to their patients and the parents of the patients, at least(prenominal) the professional ones. Doctors are usually extra tolerant towards kids, and are trained to handle kids like this specific patient, who do not wish to cooperate. In take on to examine the patient, the doctor acted extremely unprofessionally. The doctor was very forceful and harsh. When the young patient wouldnt allow the doctor to look into her throat, the doctor forced the woody tongue depressor between her teeth, and the patient broke the tongue depressor. The doctor at that point had become violent, and decided upon continuing the examination with additional berth towards the young patient. While the young patients mouth was bleeding because of the broken wo oden depressor, the doctor forced the handle of a smooth metal spoon into the patients mouth.